WISCONSIN 
STATE PLUMBING 



T H 

6165 
W&A5 

1116 



CODE 




^ 



Issued by the 

STATE BOARD OF HEALTH 

MADISON, WIS. 

1916 




ClassJLj 

Book_. &£_ 



RULES AND REGULATIONS 



of the 

Wisconsin State Board of Health 



Governing the 



Construction, Installation and Inspection of 
Plumbing and Drainage 



LICENSING OF PLUMBERS 




Second Edition, 1916 



State of Wisconsin 

STATE BOARD OF HEALTH 



MEMBERS: 

W. F. Whyte, M. D., President. Watertown 

E. S. Hayes, M. D., Eau Claire 

C. H. Sutherland, M. D., Janesville 

H. A. Meilike, M. D., Clintonville 

Otho Fiedler, M. D., Sheboygan 

J. M. Furstman, M. D., La Crosse 

C. A. Harper, M. D., State Health Officer, Madison. 



L. W. Hutchcroft, Statistician, Madison 



COMMITTEE OF PLUMBING EXAMINERS: 

J. E. Robertson, Milwaukee 
W. G. Kirchoffer, Madison 
Herman E. Heine, Milwaukee 

Frank R. King, State Plumbing Inspector, Madison 
Jno. H. Owens, Assistant Inspector 
Robert E. Hasselkus, Assistant Inspector 
Eugene Morse, Assistant Inspector 

All official communications should be directed to the 
State Board of Health, Plumbing Division, Madison, Wis. 

D. of D. l21 



CONTENTS 



Page 

Plumbing Law Chapter 731 5 

Explanations of the Law and Rules governing Examina- 
tions 11 

Explanation of Terms 18 

Classification of Buildings 21 

Sewers and Drains 23 

Soil, Waste and Vent Pipes 24 

Quality and Weight of Materials 29 

Traps and Clean-outs 36 

Joints and Connections 40 

Surface and Rain Water Connections 42 

Miscellaneous Provisions... 43 

Catch Basins, Sumps and Ejectors 45 

Floor Drains and Fixture Wastes 47 

Fixtures 50 

Repairs, and Reconstruction 52 

Water Supply and Sewage Disposal Plants 53 

Septic and Biological Tanks 53 

Inspection and Tests 61 

Sanitation 64 

Calculations 65 

Don'ts to Plumbers 72 

Suggestions to the Public 74 

Suggestions to Local Inspectors 77 

Industrial Commission Appendix 78 

General Orders on Sanitation for Places of Employment 

Issued by the Industrial Commission 78 

Sanitary Provisions from State Building Code 82 

Sketches 87 

Index to Code Page 137 



[3] 



The Rules and Regulations herewith presented 
and known as the STATE PLUMBING CODE were 
adopted by the STATE BOARD OF HEALTH on 
April 6, 1914, and published in the official state 
paper as required by law on April 10, 1914, amended 
January 20, 1916, and amendments published in the 
official state paper as required by law on February 
2, 1916. Under the provisions of section 959-55a-2, 
chapter 731, Laws of 1913, these Rules and Regula- 
tions have the force of law. 



Lack of knowledge of the provisions of this Code will 
not be accepted as an excuse for noncompliance with its 
requirements. 

A copy of the Law or Code may be obtained at any time 
upon application to the State Board of Health. 

It is essential and required that adequate information be 
given when requesting assistance in designing or constructing 
plumbing, water supply, or sewage disposal systems. This can 
be done best by a rough pencil sketch adequately showing the 
situation. (See information sketch No. 30.) The state plumb- 
ing inspectors will make such inspections of plumbing as may 
seem necessary. Requests for state inspections and communica- 
tions should be addressed to the 

STATE BOARD OF HEALTH, 

Plumbing Division, 

Madison, Wisconsin. 



[4J 



PLUMBING LAW 



CHAPTER 731, LAWS OF 1913. 



Laws relating to the licensing of plumbers, the supervision and 
inspection of plumbing and the adoption and enforcement 
of a plumbing code. 

Section 1. Sections 959—53, 959—54, 959—55, 959—56, 
959 — 59 and 959 — 59m of the statutes are repealed. 

Journeyman Plumber. Section 2. There are added to the 
statutes six new sections and a new subsection to read. Sec- 
tion 959 — 53. 1. (a) A journeyman plumber is hereby de- 
fined to be any person other than a master plumber, who, as 
his principal occupation is engaged in the practical installation 
of plumbing. 

Master Plumber, (b) A master plumber is hereby defined to 
be any person skilled in the planning, superintending and the 
practical installation of plumbing and familiar with the laws, 
rules and regulations governing the same. 

Plumbing Contractor, (c) A plumbing contractor is hereby 
defined to be any person, firm or corporation engaged in the 
business of installing plumbing in connection with the dealing 
in and selling of plumbing materials and supplies. 

Where Licensed. 2. In any city of this state except cities 
of the fourth class having a population of five thousand or 
less, no person shall engage in or work at the business of a 
master plumber or journeyman plumber, and no person, firm 
or corporation shall engage in or work at the business of a 
plumbing contractor, unless licensed so to do by the state board 
of health in the manner herein provided. 

3. The state board of health is hereby authorized and em- 
powered to grant and issue licenses and permits to master 
plumbers, journeyman plumbers, and plumbing contractors as 
hereinafter provided for. 

Licenses. Section 959 — 54. Any person desiring to engage 
in or work at the business of a journeyman plumber or master 
plumber in this state shall apply to the state board of health 
for a license and be by said board examined as to his fitness 
for such work either as a journeyman plumber or as a master 
plumber as the case may be. 

Any person, firm or corporation desiring to engage in or 
work at the business of a plumbing contractor in this state 
shall apply to the state board of health and be by said board 



first duly licensed to engage in such work. Every plumbing 
contractor shall be required at all times to have a licensed 
master plumber in charge of installing plumbing as a condition 
for the continuance of his or its license as such. 

Plumbing Examiners. Section 959 — 55. 1. The state 
board of health shall, within sixty days after the passage and 
publication of this act,. appoint, and shall have power to remove, 
three plumbing examiners, of whom one shall be a master 
plumber, one shall be a journeyman plumber and one shall be 
a member or an employee of the state board of health, to be 
known as the committee of examiners for the examining of 
journeyman and master plumbers as to their qualifications and 
fitness to be entitled to licenses to engage in the work of master 
plumbers and journeyman plumbers herein provided for. Such 
examiners shall be exempt from the provisions of sections 
990—1 to 990—32 of the statutes. The state board of health 
shall have power and authority and it shall be its duty to pre- 
scribe, amend and enforce rules and regulations for the examina- 
tion and licensing of journeyman and master plumbers and the 
licensing of plumbing contractors consistent with this act. 

Expenses of Examiners. 2. Each member of said commit- 
tee of examiners, except a regular employee or the secretary of 
the state board of health, shall receive a compensation of ten 
dollars per day and expenses for each day in which such member 
is actually engaged in attendance upon the meetings of the 
committee, to be audited and paid out of the general fund of 
the state treasury and charged against the appropriation ac- 
count of the state board of health to carry into effect the pro- 
visions of sections 959 — 53 to 959 — 58, inclusive, of the statutes. 

Examinations. 3. The licenses of journeyman and master 
plumbers provided for in section 959 — 53 of the statutes shall 
be issued by the state board of health upon evidences, as shown 
by the examination, of the fitness of the applicant for the busi- 
ness or practice of a master plumber or a journeyman plumber 
as the case may be. Plumbing contractors shall be licensed 
without examination as to qualifications and fitness to engage 
in the practical installation of plumbing. 

Revocation of Licenses. 4. The state board of health shall 
have power to revoke any journeyman or master plumber's 
license if same was obtained through error or fraud, or if the 
recipient thereof is shown to be grossly incompetent, and for a 
second wilful violation of any rules and regulations prescribed 
by the state board of health; the state board of health shall 
also have power to revoke any plumbing contractor's license, 
if the owner thereof shall be guilty of a second wilful violation 
of any rule or regulation prescribed by the state board of health; 
provided, that before any license shall be revoked, the holder 
thereof shall have notice, in writing, enumerating the charges, 



and at a specified date named therein, not less than five days 
after the service of such notice, be given a hearing by said 
board and have an opportunity to produce testimony in his 
behalf. The state board of health shall have power to appoint, 
by an order in writing, its secretary or any competent person 
to take testimony, who shall have power to administer oaths, 
issue subpoenas and compel the attendance of witnesses, and 
the decision of the state board of health shall be based on its 
examination of all testimony and records. Any person whose 
license has been revoked may, after the expiration of one year 
from the date of such revocation apply for a new license. 

Licenses without Examination. Section 959— 55a. 1. All 
persons at the time of the passage and publication of this act 
engaged in the plumbing business in this state, either as master 
plumbers or journeyman plumbers or plumbing contractors shall 
be respectively licensed as such by the state board of health 
without examination, upon the payment to the state board of 
health of the license fee hereinafter provided. No person who 
desires to engage in the business or practice of plumbing, either 
as a master plumber or a journeyman plumber, after the passage 
and publication of this act, shall be granted a license until he 
has passed a satisfactory examination. Before any applicant 
shall be permitted to take such examination, he shall pay to the 
state board of health the examination fee as herein provided for. 

Rules and Regulations. 2. The state board of health shall 
prescribe and shall have power to amend the rules and regula- 
tions governing plumbing, drainage, sewerage and plumbing 
ventilation in connection with all buildings in this state and 
may prescribe minimum standards which shall be uniform 
throughout the state. This act shall not be construed to deny 
the right to any local governing body having jurisdiction to 
adopt and enforce additional rules and regulations relating to 
plumbing, drainage, sewerage and plumbing ventilation not 
inconsistent with the provisions of this act or the rules and 
regulations prescribed by the state board of health. Nothing 
contained in sections 959 — 53 to 959 — 58, inclusive, of the stat- 
utes shall be construed to affect the authority of the industrial 
commission relative to places of employment or public build- 
ings, other than hotels, restaurants, rooming houses and school 
buildings. 

Employees. 3. The state board of health is empowered to 
employ, promote and remove plumbing inspectors and other as- 
sistants as needed, to fix their compensation and assign their 
duties. Such salaries, compensations and expenses shall be paid 
out of the general fund of the state treasury and charged against 
the appropriation account of the state board of health for carry- 
ing out the provisions of sections 959 — 53 to 959 — 58, inclusive, 
of the statutes. 

[7] 



License fees. Section 959 — 55b. 1. All master plumbers 
engaged in business as such in the state, desiring to continue 
as such, are hereby required to procure a master plumber's 
license from the state board of health within sixty days after 
the passage and publication of this act, the fee for which license 
is hereby fixed at ten dollars, such license, unless sooner re- 
voked, to expire on December 31, next after the issuance thereof, 
but no examination shall be required of such master plumbers 
making such application for license within the time hereby 
limited. Commencing January 1, 1914, and annually thereafter 
on January first of each year, a renewal fee of five dollars shall 
be paid to the state board of health for a renewal of such license 
by all master plumbers, theretofore licensed, continuing in busi- 
ness as such within this state. 

2. All journeyman plumbers engaged in business as such in 
this state, desiring to continue in business as such are hereby 
required to procure a journeyman plumber's license from the 
state board of health within sixty days after the passage and 
publication of this act, the fee for which license is hereby fixed 
at two dollars, such license, unless sooner revoked, to expire on 
December 31, next after the issuance thereof, but no examina- 
tion shall be required of such journeyman plumbers making such 
application for license within the time hereby limited. Com- 
mencing January 1, 1914, and annually thereafter on January 
first of each year, a renewal fee of one dollar shall be paid to 
the state board of health for a renewal of such license by all 
journeyman plumbers, theretofore licensed, continuing in business 
as such within this state. 

3. All plumbing contractors engaged in business as such in 
this state, desiring to continue as such, are hereby required to 
procure a plumbing contractor's license from the state board 
of health within sixty days after the passage and publication 
of this act, the fee for which license is hereby fixed at forty 
dollars, such license, unless sooner revoked, to expire on Decem- 
ber 31, next after the issuance thereof. Commencing January 
1, 1914, and annually thereafter on January first of each year, 
a renewal fee of twenty dollars shall be paid to the state board 
of health for a renewal of such license by all plumbing contractors 
theretofore licensed, continuing in business as such within this 
state. 

4. All licenses issued during any year, unless sooner revoked, 
shall expire on December 31 of such year. 

5. A master plumber's license shall entitle the owner thereof 
to all the rights and privileges of a journeyman plumber. 

6. The fees for any person hereafter desiring to engage in 
the business of a journeyman plumber or a master plumber in 
this state and not licensed within sixty days after the passage 
and publication of this act, shall be respectively two dollars 



and ten dollars, and the fee for any person, firm or corporation 
hereafter desiring to engage in the business of a plumbing con- 
tractor in this state and not licensed within sixty days after the 
passage and publication of this act shall be forty dollars. 

Permits. 7. The state board of health may issue temporary 
permits to engage in the work of a master plumber or a journey- 
man plumber on payment of the fees prescribed in this act; such 
permits may be revoked by the state board of health at any 
time, and if on examination a license is granted, the fee paid 
for the permit shall run for the same period as though paid for 
a license. For the purpose of assisting in its work of issuing 
such temporary permits, the state board of health may appoint 
agents without compensation. 

8. Any person working as an apprentice at the business or 
practice of plumbing, for a reasonable time, desiring to take an 
examination for a license as a journeyman plumber, may file 
his application for such examination with the state board of 
health herein provided, and upon giving due notice of the filing 
of such application with said board, may be granted a permit 
by the state board of health to pursue said work in the capacity 
of journeyman plumber until such time as said examining board 
shall have an opportunity to examine him. No journeyman 
plumber shall engage in business as a master plumber without 
first having been granted a temporary permit and may not con- 
tinue in such business unless thereafter licensed as such by the 
state board of health as herein provided, the fee for which per- 
mit or license is hereby fixed at ten dollars; and shall thereafter 
expire and be renewed from year to year in the manner hereafter 
provided. 

Reciprocity. 9. The state board of health may license with- 
out examination, upon the payment of the required fee, appli- 
cants licensed under the laws of other states having require- 
ments for licensing and regulating plumbing which are deter- 
mined by the state board of health to be equivalent to the re- 
quirements of this state. 

Penalty. Section 959 — 56. 1. Any person who shall engage 
in the work of a master or a journeyman plumber for compensa- 
tion without a permit or a license as provided in sections 959 — 53 
to 959 — 56, inclusive, of the statutes, shall be deemed guilty 
of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not less than 
ten dollars nor exceeding fifty dollars, or imprisonment in the 
county jail not exceeding thirty days for each and every viola- 
tion thereof. Each day of such violation shall constitute a 
separate offense. 

2. Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of 
sections 959 — 53 to 959—56 of the statutes, inclusive, or shall 
do any act prohibited in sections 959 — 53 to 959 — 56, inclusive, 
or shall fail or refuse to perform any duty lawfully enjoined 



within the time prescribed by the state board of health, or 
shall fail, neglect or refuse to obey any lawful order given or 
made by the state board of health, or any judgment or decree 
made by any court in connection with the provisions of sections 
959 — 53 to 959 — 56, inclusive, for such violation or refusal shall 
be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by imprison- 
ment in the county jail not more than three months or by a fine 
not exceeding one hundred dollars. 

Fees. (Section 172 — 27) 2. All moneys received by the 
state board of health for the licensing of plumbers shall be 
paid within one week of their receipt into the general fund of 
the state treasury and all such moneys are appropriated to the 
state board of health to carry into effect the provisions of sec- 
tions 959 — 53 to 959 — 58, inclusive, of the statutes. 

Plumbing inspectors. Section 3. Sections 959 — 57 and 
959 — 58 of the statutes are amended to read: Section 959 — 57. 
In each city of the first, second and third class having a system 
of waterworks or sewerage, the board of public work, where such 
board exists, or the board of health of each such city shall and 
cities of the fourth class may * * * appoint one or more 
inspectors of plumbing who shall be practical plumbers, and 
who shall hold office until removed by said board for cause. 
The compensation of such inspector or inspectors shall be de- 
termined by the board appointing them and be paid from the 
city treasury; they shall inspect all plumbing work in the city 
for which appointed, whether such work be new or consist of 
alterations or repairs; and shall report to said board all viola- 
tions of any law, ordinance or by-law relating to such work 
and perform such other appropriate duties as may be required. 

Board of public works. Section 959 — 58. Each city of the 
first, second and third class having a system of waterworks or 
sewerage shall and cities of the fourth class may, by ordinance 
or by-law, prescribe rules and regulations for the materials, 
construction, alteration and inspection of all pipes, faucets, 
tanks, valves and other fixtures by and through which supply 
or waste water or sewerage is used * * * or carried, and 
provide that they shall not be placed in any building therein 
except in accordance with plans which shall be approved by 
the board of public works, where such board exists, or the 
board of health of such city, or such person or persons as either 
of said boards may designate; and shall further provide that 
no plumbing shall be done, except in case of repairing leaks, 
without a permit being first issued therefor upon such terms 
and conditions as such city shall prescribe; provided that no 
such ordinance, by-law, rule or regulation prescribed by any 
such city shall be inconsistent with this act or any rule or regu- 
lation adopted or prescribed by the state board of health; and pro- 
vided further,^ that no city shall be authorized to or require the 
licensing of journeyman or master plumbers or plumbing con- 
tractors, or prevent any such plumbers or plumbing contractors 
who are licensed under the provisions of this act from engaging 
in or working at the business for which they are respectively licensed 
in any place in this state. 

[10] 



Paste This Addenda in the State Code, Page 11 



AMENDMENT TO RULES AND REGULATIONS 

GOVERNING THE EXAMINATION AND 

LICENSING OF PLUMBERS 



Be it RESOLVED, by the State Board of Health in meeting 
assembled, at the offices of said board in the City of Madison on 
the 19th day of July, 1928, 

That the rules governing the examination and licensing of 
plumbers pursuant to Chapter 145 contained in the state plumbing 
code be amended by amending Rule 1 and by adding Rules 12, 13 
and 14 which follow: 

1. Qualifications for Journeyman Plumber. The State Board 
of Health rules that three years' experience as an apprentice shall 
constitute a reasonable time in the business; or the candidate for 
license must be a graduate of a recognized trade school in Wis- 
consin which gives at least a two-years' course, and had at least 
one year's shop and building experience working at the trade of 
plumbing. 

"The term apprentice as used in this rule denotes also plumbers' 
helpers and learners actually engaged in learning the plumbing 
trade in conformity with the law and regulations governing. It is 
understood that the three-year apprenticeship means actually work- 
ing at the trade of plumbing and in a manner so as to acquire 
sufficient knowledge of the theory and practice of plumbing and 
skill to pass an examination and to be useful to the employer and 
public." 

Applicants for journeyman's license who attend a recognized 
trade school in Wisconsin and who are not graduates of such 
school will be given full credit for the work done in the trade 
school as a part of the required three years' experience as an 
apprentice. Graduates of the University of Wisconsin extension 



course in plumbing will be given six months' credit as a part of the 
required three years' experience as an apprentice. Work done in 
night or continuation schools will be given credit as follows: 

Plumbers' apprentices and identured apprentices working at the 
•trade of plumbing who attend a night school course in the theory 
and practice of plumbing, conducted in conformity with public 
school laws and accredited by the State Board of Health, will be 
granted one day's credit for each day of night school attendance 
upon presentation of bona-fide certification from the school; pro- 
vided that no credit will be given for less than 30 nights' attend- 
ance and that the total accrued credit shall not exceed six months 
or 144 days. No additional credit will be given to apprentices for 
day time compulsory vocational school attendance. 

Rule 12. Registration of Apprentices. On and after August 
23, 1928, to establish a record of his beginning an apprenticeship 
every plumbing apprentice, indentured apprentice or learner who 
contemplates filing application for plumber's license shall within 
30 days after beginning of such apprenticeship register with the 
state board of health on a blank furnished by said board, setting 
forth the date on which such apprenticeship was begun, age, by 
whom employed, and such other information as the board may 
require, and which registration shall constitute a record of his 
apprenticeship and of his right to file application for examination 
and license, subject to the provisions of the application and sworn 
statement required in application for license. All such apprentices 
and learners in training before August 23, 1928, shall so register 
within 30 days after said date. 

Rule 13. Governing Apprentices and Learners. During his 
apprenticeship the plumber's apprentice shall receive instruction 
and experience in all branches of plumbing, including the prepar- 
ing of material for installation as is necessary to develop a prac- 
tical and skilled mechanic, versed in the theory and practice of 
plumbing. 

In cities where public vocational schools giving a course in 
plumbing are established, or where plumbing instruction is other- 
wise available, the applicant for license shall, if; opportunity for 

1 DOCUMKi 3 Nj 



such instruction exists, attend school for a period of not less than 
400 hours. Where vocational schools are not available the learner 
should take a course in plumbing with a correspondence school 
certified by the board. 

To enable him to qualify at the end of his apprenticeship as a 
skilled mechanic in the art of plumbing, the apprentice shall in 
addition to experience and instruction received during the appren- 
ticeship, be given opportunity to assist in and to install plumbing 
material as his skill will permit under the supervision of a journey- 
man or master plumber. 

In all cities where public vocational schools are established, giv- 
ing a course in plumbing instruction, apprentices indentured by 
the Industrial Commission shall as a condition for filing applica- 
tion for license attend such school for the period prescribed in the 
indenture contract. 

School attendance must be vouched for by the plumbing instruc- 
tor of said schools. 

Rule 14. Revocation of License for Violation of Indenture. 

A journeyman plumber's license issued to an indentured appren- 
tice shall, until his contract of indenture has been completed, be 
subject to revocation upon recommendation to the Industrial Com- 
mission and upon due notice and hearing by the board or the state 
health officer, for wilful violation of the contract or termination 
of said contract without approval by the Industrial Commission. 
The license shall bear evidence to this effect until contract has been 
completed. 

Published by order of the State Board of Health. 

Adopted July 19, 1928. 



EXPLANATIONS OF THE LAW AND 
RULES GOVERNING EXAMINATIONS 



Where Licenses Apply. All journeyman plumbers, master 
plumbers and plumbing contractors, as defined by chapter 731, 
Laws of 1913, must be licensed when operating in any city of 
this state, except cities of the fourth class, having a population 
of 5,000 or less. Persons who engage in the plumbing business 
in any city of less than 5,000 and in incorporated villages and 
townships, are not required under the law to be licensed. 

Unlicensed Plumbers. Plumbers residing in cities of less 
than 5,000 population, villages or townships, desiring to do 
work in cities of the first* second or third class or fourth class 
cities of 5,000 population or more, must take out a license. 

Where Plumbing Code Applies. The rules and regulations 
adopted by the State Board of Health governing plumbing, 
drainage and sewerage and plumbing ventilation known as the 
State Plumbing Code applies to all buildings in this state in any 
township, incorporated village or city. (See section 9595-5a 2, 
Laws of 1913.) 

Local Rules and Regulations. Cities of the first, second 
and third class shall, and cities of the fourth class may by ordi- 
nance or by-laws prescribe rules and regulations for material, 
construction, alteration and inspection of all fixtures by and 
through which supply or waste water or sewerage is used or 
carried and shall further provide that no plumbing shall be done 
except in case of repairing leaks, without a permit being first 
issued therefor upon such terms and conditions as such city shall 
prescribe, provided such rules and regulations are not inconsistent 
with the state plumbing law or code. (See chapter 731, Laws of 
1913, section 959—58. 

Local Inspectors. In each city of the first, second and 
third class, having a system of waterworks or sewerage, the 
board of public works, where such board exists, or the local 
board of health, where there is no board of public works, shall 
appoint one or more inspectors of plumbing. Such inspectors 

[11] 



shall inspect all plumbing in their respective jurisdictions 
and enforce the provisions of the state plumbing code. Fourth 
class cities may also appoint plumbing inspectors if they elect 
to do so. 

State Inspection. The State Plumbing Inspector will 
make such inspections of plumbing as may seem necessary. 
All requests for state inspection should be made direct to the 
State Board of Health. 

In case of any radical dispute or difference arising between 
the local inspector and the plumber in charge, the facts should 
be submitted to the State Health Officer for consideration. If 
the State Board of Health or the State Health Officer deems a 
hearing necessary, such hearing will be granted as provided for in 
section 1407a — 6 of the statutes. The decision of the State Board 
of Health shall be final. 

RULES GOVERNING EXAMINATIONS 

Qualifications for Journeyman Plumber. The State Board 
of Health rules that three years' experience as a helper or ap- 
prentice shall constitute a reasonable time in the business; or 
the candidate for license must be a graduate of a recognized 
trade school in Wisconsin which gives at least a two years' 
course, 

Applicants for journeyman's license who attend a recog- 
nized trade school in Wisconsin and who are not graduates 
of such school will be given full credit for the work done in 
the trade school as a part of the required three years' experi- 
ence as a helper or apprentice, Graduates of the University of 
Wisconsin extension course in plumbing will be given six months 
credit as a part of the required three years' experience as a 
helper or apprentice. Work done in night schools will be given 
suitable credit. 

Qualifications for Master Plumber. All applicants for a 
master plumber's license must have reached the age of 21, 
and have had three years' experience as a journeyman plumber; 
except where applicant is a graduate of a recognized trade 
school in Wisconsin, giving at least a two years' course, when 
when two years' experience as a journeyman will be sufficient. 
Graduates of the University of Wisconsin extension course in 

[12] 



plumbing will be given six months' credit as a part of the re- 
quired three years' experience as a journeyman. Work done 
in night schools will be given suitable credit. 

Plumbing Contractor. Plumbing contractors are licensed 
without examination. 

Applications. Application blanks for examination and 
temporary permits may be obtained from the State Board of 
Health. 

The license fee, which must be sent to the State Board of 
Health with the application, is two dollars for journeyman 
plumber, ten dollars for master plumber and forty dollars for 
plumbing contractor. 

Candidates should exercise great care to see that applications 
are properly and completely filled out. 

Temporary Permits. Temporary permits to do the work 
of a journeyman plumber or a master plumber may be issued 
by the State Board of Health to a candidate for examination 
who submits properly filled out application, accompanied by 
the same fee required for license. This fee entitles the holder 
of a temporary permit to take the next examination, and is not 
returnable in case of failure to pass examination. The temporary 
permit becomes void upon the date following next examination 
when notice of the result of such examination is given. Such 
permit, however, must be surrendered to the State Board of 
Health upon the date of the next examination. Temporary per- 
mits to engage in business as a master plumber will not be issued 
except in especially urgent cases. 

Time of Examinations. Regular examinations for the 
licensing of journeyman and master plumbers will be held dur- 
ing the months of January and July of each year, and special 
examinations at such time as the State Board of Health may 
direct. The place of all regular examinations and of special 
examinations shall be determined by the State Board of Health. 

All applications for examination must be on file in the office 
of the State Board of Health prior to the date of examina- 
tion. 

Notice of Examination. Notice of the time and place of 
examination will be sent to all those who have applications 
on file in the office of the State Board of Health at least one 

[13] 



week prior to the date of such examination. Such notice will 
be mailed to the address given on the application blank, Notice 
of the time and place of each examination will be given in the 
official state paper at least ten days prior to such examination. 

Character of Examinations. The examination for licens- 
ing journeyman and master plumbers shall be conducted by 
the Committee of Examiners, and shall consist of both oral 
and written and practical tests. The examination will cover 
the theory and practice of plumbing, the interpretation of 
charts and blue prints and plans of plumbing installation, and 
such other tests as the Committee may deem necessary in 
order to properly pass upon the qualifications of the candidate. 

The character, experience and fitness of the applicant will 
also be taken into consideration. 

Re-examination. On the failure of an applicant to pass 
one examination, he may appear again within one year from 
the date of his first examination without the payment of an 
additional fee. 

Renewals. Notice for renewal of license will be sent to 
all licensed plumbers according to the address on the applica- 
tion blanks on file in the office of the State Board of Health, 
unless notice of another address is given. All applications for 
renewal of license must be in the office of the State Board of 
Health by the 1st day of January of each year, accompanied by 
the proper renewal fee. Renewal license cards will be issued as 
rapidly as possible upon receipt of application and fee. 

Materials Used in Examination. All applicants are ex- 
pected to furnish the necessary tools, furnace, solder pot and 
solder for the practical examinations. The State Board of 
Health will furnish gasoline and other material necessary to 
conduct such examination. 

Licenses Without Examination. Any person actually en- 
gaged in business in Wisconsin as a master plumber or a jour- 
neyman plumber prior to Oct. 2, 1913, the date upon which 
the new plumbing law went into effect, is entitled to a license 
under the waiver provision without examination, upon payment 
of the required fee, provided application is made within 60 days 
after the passage and publication of the law. (See Licenses 
without Examination, Section 959 — 55a — 1. Chapter 731, 
Laws of 1913.) 

[141 



Any person who starts in business as a master or journey- 
man plumber after Oct. 2, 1913, cannot obtain a license without 
examination. 

Penalty. Section 959 — 56 — 1, Any person who shall engage 
in the work of a master or a journeyman plumber or plumbing 
contractor in any city of this state, except cities of the fourth 
class having a population of five thousand or less, for compensa- 
tion without a permit or a license as provided in Chapter 731, 
Laws of 1913, sections 959 — 53 to 959 — 56, inclusive, shall be 
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine 
of not less than ten dollars nor exceeding fifty dollars, or imprison- 
ment in the county jail not exceeding thirty days for each and 
every violation thereof. Each day of such violation shall consti- 
tute a separate offense. 

THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL HAS RULED: 

That a master plumber is prohibited from dealing in and in- 
stalling plumbing materials in connection with his business as 
master plumber, unless he has taken out a license as plumbing 
contractor. (Extract from opinion dated December 8, 1913.) 

That not only is a plumbing contractor required at all times to 
have a licensed master plumber in charge of the installation of 
plumbing, but each member of a firm who engages in the work of 
superintending plumbing installations in cities of more than 5,000 
population is required to secure a license as master. Where 
journeymen are employed, they must be licensed. (Extract 
from opinion dated November 19, 1913.) 

That a person is not a plumbing contractor unless, in addition 
to engaging in the business of installing plumbing, he also deals 
in and sells plumbing materials and supplies. (Extract from 
opinion dated November 6, 1913.) 

That any person lawfully engaged in the work of a master 
plumber or a journeyman plumber in this state, at the time of 
the passage of Chapter 731, Laws of 1913, upon payment of the 
required fee within the time specified in the Act, is entitled to a 
license regardless of the length of his apprenticeship or his quali- 
fications as a plumber. (Extract from opinion dated December 
1, 1913.) 

That a nonresident plumber engaged in work in this state 
must secure a state license as master to superintend the work, 
[15] 



and must have duly licensed journeymen working under him in 
all cities of more than 5,000 population and that no license as 
contractor is required, unless the plumber who has the contract 
actually has a place of business in this state and deals in and 
sells plumbing materials and supplies. (Extract from opinion 
dated November 6, 1913.) 

That failure to renew a license each year revokes such license; 
and that any master or journeyman who fails to renew his 
license each year must pass an examination and pay the initial 
fee before a new license can be granted him. (Extract from 
opinion dated November 19, 1913.) 

That the intent of the legislature was to exempt from license 
all plumbers working at the trade in cities of the fourth class 
having a population of 5,000 or less. (Extract' from opinion 
dated November 3, 1913.) 

That a city ordinance or by-law in cities of more than 5,000 
population providing that no local permit for the installation of 
plumbing shall be granted to anyone who has not a state license, 
is not inconsistent with the provisions of the act. (Extract 
from opinion dated Feb. 2, 1914.) 

That it is necessary for a master plumber or a journeyman 
plumber engaged in the plumbing business at the time of the 
passage and publication of the law to make application for license 
within sixty days after the passage and publication of the law, 
if he desires a license without examination. (Extract from opinion 
dated March 3, 1914.) 

That the passage of the State Plumbing Law and the adoption 
by the State Board of Health of the State Plumbing Code did 
not repeal local ordinances governing the installation of plumb- 
ing except in so far as local ordinances are inconsistent with the 
statutes and the State Plumbing Code. (Extract from opinion 
dated April 29, 1914.) 

That cities desiring to adopt and enforce regulations additional 
to those prescribed by statute and the State Plumbing Code, 
unless such additional regulations are contained in ordinances 
or by-laws heretofore enacted, must make them by a new ordi- 
nance or by-law in order that they may have any force or effect. 
(Extract from opinion dated Apr. 29, 1914.) 

That the State Board of Health may make rules and regula- 
tions covering the question of the amount of material to be in- 
stalled and for a second wilful violation of such rule the license 
[16] 



of the master plumber or plumbing contractor may be revoked. 
(Extract from opinion dated April 29, 1914.) 

That a plumber in a city or village in which no license is re- 
quired shall, upon application, be granted a license either under 
the waiver act, if application was made within sixty days after 
the passage and publication of the law, or by examination if 
made subsequent to that date. (Extract from opinion dated, 
March 3, 1914.) 

That the plumbing contractor provision of Chapter 731, Laws 
of 1913, is constitutional. (Extract from opinion dated April 21, 
1914.) 

That any resident of a city where the appointment of a local 
plumbing inspector is required may bring a mandamus action 
against the city to compel the appointment of an inspector of 
plumbing. (Extract from opinion dated September 2, 1914.) 

That any person, firm or corporation in cities of more than 
5,000 population is prohibited from repairing plumbing, install- 
ing new plumbing or engaging in the plumbing business as a 
plumbing contractor, master plumber or journeyman plumber 
without a state license. (Extract from opinion dated August 
24, 1915.) 

That the State Board of Health may, under its rules and regu- 
lations, make it possible to grant a license to employes of manu- 
facturing concerns or other persons to do plumbing work even 
though such person is not continually engaged in the work of a 
journeyman plumber or a master plumber. (Extract from opinion 
dated Aug. 24, 1915.) 

That when a property owner provides the plumbing material 
for his premises a journeyman plumber is prohibited from in- 
stalling such material unless the work is done under the super- 
vision of a master plumber. (Extract from opinion dated Nov. 
15, 1915.) 

That an apprentice can not be placed in charge of the work of 
installing plumbing and do such work alone; neither can such 
apprentice install plumbing under the supervision of a master 
plumber when such master plumber is not also physically present 
and taking an active part in the installation of said plumbing. 
(Extract from opinion dated November 15, 1915.) 



[17] 



EXPLANATION OF TERMS 



House Sewer or Main Drain is that part of the horizontal 
piping beginning three feet from the foundation wall to its 
connection with the main sewer or cesspool or bacterial tank. 

House Drain is that part of the horizontal piping of a house 
drainage system which receives the discharge of all soil, waste 
and other drainage pipes inside the walls of any building and 
conveys the same to the house sewer, three to five feet outside 
the foundation wall of such building. . 

Soil Pipe is any pipe which conveys the discharge of water 
closets with or without fixtures to the house drain. 

Waste Pipe is any pipe which receives the discharge of 
any fixture except water closets and conveys the same to the soil 
pipe or house drain. 

Main Soil or Waste Vent is that part of the main soil or 
waste pipe above the highest installed branch or fixture con- 
nection, extending through the roof. 

Vent Pipe is any pipe provided to ventilate a drainage 
and plumbing system of piping and to prevent syphonage and 
back pressure. 

Back Vent Pipe is that part of a vent pipe line which con- 
nects directly with an individual trap underneath or back 
of the fixture and extends to the branch, main, soil or waste 
pipe at a point higher than the fixture or fixture traps it serves. 

Unit Vent is one which denotes an installation so arranged 
that one pipe will serve two traps. 

Circuit Vent is a connection made by joining a nearly hori- 
zontal trap outlet with a waste and vent pipe in such a manner 
that a continuous vent is formed. 

Trap is a fitting constructed to prevent the passage of air 
or gas through a pipe without materially affecting the flow 
of sewage or waste water. 

[18] 



Depth of Trap Seal is indicated by the height of the water 
column measured between the overflow and the dip separating 
the inlet and outlet arms of the trap. 

Deep Seal Resealing Traps. A deep seal resealing trap of 
the centrifugal self-scouring type is a trap in which the water 
motion is both centrifugal and upward at each discharge of the 
fixture and retains an adequate amount of water to form an 
efficient trap seal. 

Deep Seal is a term applied to a trap having a water seal 
twice the depth of the common trap. 

Subsoil Drain is that part of a drainage system which 
conveys the ground or seepage water from the foot of walls 
or below the cellar bottom to the house sewer, independent of 
the house drain. 

Conductors or Roof Leaders are the pipes which carry the 
storm or rain water from the roofs of buildings to the house 
or yard sewer. The vertical portion of the conductors is usually 
referred to as the down spout. 

Back Flow is a term which denotes the reversal of flow in a 
drainage system. 

Dead End is that part or branch of a drainage system which 
is without a free circulation of air. 

Private Sewer is one which has an independent sewage 
disposal, not connected to a public sewer, and which accommo- 
dates one or more houses. 

A Sanitary Sewer is a drain or sewer constructed to convey 
organic sewage from buildings to a septic or bacterial treat- 
ment tank or other point of disposal and from which ail surface 
and storm water is excluded. 

A Septic or Biological Tank is a reservoir or tank which 
receives crude sewage, and by bacterial action and sedimentation, 
effects a process of purification and clarification. 

Cesspool is an excavation in the ground made for the re- 
ception of crude sewage, and so constructed that the organic 
matter is retained while the liquid portion is permitted to seep 
through its walls. 

Rural or Isolated Residences are understood in this Code 
to be those situated at such a distance from a public sewer 

[19] 



tystem that their drainage systems cannot become tributary 
hereto. 

Roughing In is the placing of all that part of a drainage 
or vent system which can be completed before the plumbing 
fixtures are installed. 

Wiping a Joint is a method of joining two pieces of metal, 
in which the solder is fused on the joint and wiped to a smooth 
neat finish, with a wiping cloth and having a thickness of solder 
over that part of the joint where the metals join of not less than 
one-fourth inch. 

Sanitary Plumbing is understood in this Code to denote 
plumbing so designed and installed that it can be kept clean, 
is free from defects in construction and conforms in every par- 
ticular to the provisions of this Code. 

Private Dwelling is understood in this Code to be any build- 
ing used only for living purposes and occupied by not more than 
two families. 

Alignment is understood in this Code to indicate "in a 
straight line." 

Terminal is that part of a drainage or vent system which 
projects above the roof of the building or the end of the house 
drain connecting to the septic tank or house sewer. 



[20] 



CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS. 



Kind of building 



Places of employment — fac- 
tories, office and mercantile 
buildings and other places of 
employment. 

Bakeries and confectioneries. 



Public buildings, school build- 
ings, libraries, museums, 
places of detention. 

Apartment and tenement 
houses 

Theatres and Assembly halls. 

Hotels or rooming houses (5 or 
more rooms.) Restaurants. 



University buildings. 

State institutions. 

Private residences and two- 
story flats. 

General health regulations. 



Department having juris- 
diction. 



Consult 
Orders on safety and sanita- 
tion issued by Industrial 
Commission. 



Bulletin by Industrial Com- 
mission. 

Industrial Commission build- 
ing code. 

Industrial Commission build- 
ing code. 

Industrial Commission build- 
ing code. 

Rules and regulations of State 
Board of Health and state 
building code. 

University Board of Regents. 
State Board of Control. 
State plumbing code. 

State Board of Health Laws. 



Note: All plumbing systems or installations are subject to 
local and state inspection by proper authorities. Piping for 
plumbing installations for the above named buildings must be 
done as provided for in the State Plumbing Code issued by the 
State Board of Health. See instructions for Public Toilet Rooms 
on the following page. 



[21] 



CONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC TOILET ROOMS 

For information regarding the construction of toilet 
rooms and the number and type of closets and urinals, see 
State Building Code and "orders on sanitation," for 
places of employment, issued by the Industrial Commis- 
sion. The provisions of the State Building Code and 
"orders on sanitation" apply to the construction of all 
buildings except private residences and two-story flats. 



[22] 



SEWERS AND DRAINS 



Section 1. (a) One Drain for Each Building. The plumb- 
ing system of each new building, or new plumbing installed 
in an existing building, shall be entirely separate from and 
independent of that of any other building, except as provided 
for in the following section. 

Wherever practicable every building shall have an indepen- 
dent connection with a public or private sewer. 

(b) Two or More Buildings on a Lot. Where a building 
stands in the rear of another on the same lot, the house drain 
from the front building may be extended to the rear building, 
private garage or barn, and the whole will be considered as one 
house drain. 

Section 2. (a) Underground House Drains. All house 
drains wherever possible shall be brought into the building 
underground below the level of the basement or cellar floor. 

(b) Materials Used. All house drains shall be made of 
vitrified clay or cast iron pipe. The use of vitrified clay pipe 
is permitted where the ground or soil covering is 18 inches or 
more, provided that in cases where a cement floor is laid 12 
inches covering is permissible. Vitrified clay pipe must not be 
used in the construction of a house drain when the ground or soil 
has not the proper stability to insure an unyielding foundation. 
(See Sketch No. 2.) 

Note. Cast iron pipe is always preferable to vitrified clay 
pipe as it is stronger and more durable. Except when laid in 
ground or material containing cinders, ashes or ingredients that 
will affect cast iron, it should be adequately protected. 

Section 3. Trenches for Pipes. When found necessary by 
proper state or local authorities for purpose of inspection all 
excavations necessary for the installation of a house drainage 
system or any part thereof within the walls of a building shall 
be open trench work. 

Section 4. (a) Subsoil Drains. Where subsoil drains are 
used, the same shall be made of open-jointed drain tile, properly 
trapped before entering the house drain. 

Note. See section 40 for method of installation. 

[23] 



SOIL, WASTE AND VENT PIPES 



CHART A. 



CHART SHOWING KINDS OF FIXTURES, NUMBER OF FIX- 
TURES, SIZES OF TRAPS, DIAMETER OF SOIL, WASTE, 
AND VENT PIPES. 





Soil ani 


Waste 


Vent 


Sizes of 

traps 
required 


Maximum 
developed 


Kind of fixtures 


No. pf 
fixtures 
allowed 


Sizes of 
soil and 
waste 


No. of 

fixtures 
allowed 


Sizes of 
back 
vents 


length of 
vent pipe 
permitted 


Closets 


6 

7—15 
16—36 
37—64 
65—100 


3" 
4" 
5" 
6" 
8" 
10" 


6 

7—10 
11—20 
21—40 
41-75 
76—100 


2" 

2H" 

3" 

3^" 

4" 

6" 


VA 

to 

4" 


60 
80 
100 
120 
150 
250 


Slop sink with trap 
combined 


2 

6 

7—15 
16—36 
37—64 


2" 
3" 
4" 
5" 
6" 


1 

6 

7—10 
11—20 
21— 


13^" 
2" 

VA" 
3" 

33^" 


2" 

to 
4" 


40 
60 
80 
100 
120 


Sinks, bath tubs, 
laundry trays, ordi- 
nary slop sinks. 
Small single urinals 
and shower baths. 


1 

1—4 

5—6 

7—10 
11—15 k 
16—30 


2" 

2V 2 " 

3" 

3^ 

4 


4 

5—8 
9—12 
13—20 
21—30 
31— 


W 

2" 

2m' 

3" 

33^" 

4" 


or 
2" 


40 
60 
80 
100 
120 
150 


Wash bains, cus- 
pidors, bubblers, re- 
frigerators. 


1—4 
4—10 

10—25 

25 


IK" 

m" 

2" 
3" 
4" 


2 

2—6 

6—15 

15—40 

40— 


13€" 

va" 

2" 
3" 
4" 


1M" 

or 
larger 


25 
40 
60 
100 
150 


Floor drains. 


1 

1-^ 
4—8 
8-36 


2" 
3" 
4" 
6" 


6 

6—10 
10— 


2" 
3" 
4" 


2" 
to 
6" 


60 
100 
150 














13^" 

to 

3" 




13^" 

to 

2" 


or 
larger 


40 








to 








60 










Long trough ped- 
estal, combined trap 
and porcelain stall 
urinals. 


1 

1—4 

4—10 

10—25 

25— 


3" 
4" 
5" 
6" 


2 
Z'l— 4 
"' 4—12 

12—30 

30— 


\ 2" 
2VJ' 
3" 
4" 


2" 
to 
4" 


40 
60 
80 
100 
150 



*See section 29 and sketch No. 10. 
**After maximum developed length of vent pipe is reached increase diameter of pipe at each 
multiple of the maximum length permitted. 



[24] 



Note. In determining the size of the soil and waste pipe, allow, 
in addition to each closet permitted, one bath, one basin, and 
one sink or other similar fixture. In determining the size of 
vent pipe, allow, in addition to each closet permitted, one bath, 
one basin, and one sink or other similar fixture. (For method 
of installation, see sketches and the provisions of the Code.) 

Section 5. (a) Materials. All main and branch soil, waste, 
vent and back vent pipes shall be made of cast iron coated 
with tar or asphaltum, galvanized wrought iron or steel pipe, 
or lead, brass or copper. 

(b) Minimum Size of Vent Stack. Where not more than 
two water closets are installed below the first floor and serve as 
the only closets in the building, the vent pipe shall not be less 
than two inches. In determining the size of the vent pipe, 
allow in addition to the closet, one bath, one basin, one sink or 
other similar fixture. The size of the vent and waste pipes for 
basins, sinks, baths, or other similar fixtures when they serve 
as the only fixture or fixtures in a building shall be governed 
by the provisions of Chart A. 

(c) Four Inch Stack May be Decreased. A closet may be 
installed on a 4 inch soil pipe rising from house drain to first 
or second floor, and may be vented with a 2 inch vent pipe, pro- 
vided the premises where such closet is to be installed has a 
4 inch soil pipe stack of undiminished size extending through the 
roof. (See sketch No. 9.) 

In garages, barns, etc. a closet may be installed on the first 
or ground floor and may be vented with a 2 inch pipe. 

Section 6. (a) Roof Extensions. All soil and waste pipes re- 
ceiving the discharge of any fixtures shall be extended the 
full calibre above the roof, except as provided for in section 5 (c) 
and shown in sketches No. 6 and 9. 

In no case shall a vent pipe through the roof be less than 
four inches in diameter. The roof terminals of such vent pipes 
must conform with the provisions of section 32. (See sketches 
Nos. 25 and 27.) 

Change in diameter shall be made by long increaser at least 
one foot below roof. (See sketch No. 9.) 

(b) Protection From Frost. All drain, soil, waste, or vent 
and supply pipes shall be as direct as possible, properly protected 
from frost, and when possible arranged so as to be readily acces- 
sible for inspection and repairs. 

[25 J 



Section 7. Branch Soil and Waste Extensions. Any ver- 
tical or any horizontal branch running vertically, horizontally or 
both, more than thirty feet from the main soil line, shall be con- 
tinued full size to a point above the roof in the same manner as 
required for main soil pipes, or may be returned to main vent 
pipe full size. (See sketch No. 11.) 

Section 8. (a) Traps, Distance from Vents. The back vent 
of any fixture trap shall be as close to the trap as practicable, 
consistent with its location and effectiveness. (See sketches.) 

(b) One or Two Water-Closets or Similar Fixtures. 
Two water-closets located on the same floor discharging into a 
double Y or sanitary Tee cross or one closet discharging into a 
Y branch or sanitary Tee need not be back vented, providing 
that the developed distance of the horizontal soil branch ex- 
tended with a grade of not less than I inch per foot does not 
exceed the inside diameter of the soil branch and the vertical 
leg between the horizontal soil branch and the trap water level 
does not exceed 2 feet. (See sketch No. 9 A, Section 10, 19 c 
and 61 c.) 

(c) Fixtures Other Than Water-Closets. Two fixtures 
other than water-closets discharging into a double Y or sanitary 
Tee cross or an individual fixture other than water closet dis- 
charging into a Y branch or sanitary Tee need not be back 
vented, providing the total fall of the waste pipe between the 
water level of the trap and the vent pipe extended at a grade of 
not less than £ inch per foot does not exceed the inside diameter 
of the branch waste pipe. (See sketch No. 9 B and section 10, 
19 G and 61 C.) 

(d) Crown Vent Prohibited. In no case shall the vent be 
taken off from the crown of the trap. (See sketches 12 and 12 a.) 

(e) When Deep Seal Resealing Traps of the Centrif- 
ugal, Self-Scouring Type Must be Used. 

(1) When a common trap is not adequate protection against 
sewer air. 

(2) When the total fall of the soil or waste pipe between the 
water level of the trap and the point of venting exceeds the 
inside diameter of the waste pipe, extended at a grade of not less 
•than i inch per foot. 

(3) When it is impracticable to vent, a deep seal resealing 
trap shall be installed. So far as is practical a free circulation of 
air must be provided. (See sketch No. 9— C and No. 26 and 
section 8—10, 19 C and 61 c.) 

r 9A l 



(f) Vents Reconnected. All vents shall be run separately 
through the roof; or be reconnected at least eight inches below 
the roof; or be reconnected to the main vent pipe not less than 
three feet above the highest floor on which fixtures are placed. 
No fitting or fittings for future waste connections shall be placed 
in any soil or waste pipe above the point of revent connection. 
(See sketch No. 25.) 

(g) Rearranging of Vent and Revents. Where fixtures are 
afterwards installed on a soil or waste line above a point where 
the vent or revents enter the vent or vent stack the vent and 
revent pipes of the fixtures already installed shall be rearranged 
to conform to the provisions of section 8 (B). 

(h) Vent Pipe Grades and Connections. All branch vent 
and back vent pipes shall be free from drops or sags, and shall be 
so graded and connected as to drip back to the soil or waste 
pipe by gravity. Whenever it becomes necessary to trap a 
horizontal vent pipe, the proper method for doing so must be 
complied with. (See sketch No. 13.) 

(i) Fixtures Parted by Wall. Where bath rooms, water- 
closets or other fixtures are located on opposite sides of a wall 
or partition in the same building, or are directly adjacent to each 
other in two inseparable buildings, such fixtures may have a 
common soil or waste pipe and vent pipe stack. 

Section 9. Continuous or Circuit Vent Installation. Bat- 
teries of closets, urinals, sinks, basins, etc. may be installed by 
the continuous or circuit vent system. Loops and circuit vents 
shall be of the following sizes : 2 inches for a battery of two closets, 

3 inches for a battery of three closets, 4 inches for a battery of 

4 to 12 closets. For urinals, sinks, basins or similar fixtures the 
loop or circuit shall be of the size provided for in chart A. Methods 
for such installation are shown in sketches Nos. 14, 14a and 15. 

Section 10. (a) Unit Vent. Two water closets located on 
the same floor discharging into a double Y or sanitary T cross 
in a soil or waste stack, need not be back vented, provided that 
the developed distance of the horizontal soil pipe branch ex- 
tended with a grade of | inch per foot does not exceed the inside 
diameter of the soil pipe and the vertical leg between the hori- 
zontal soil pipe branch and the trap water level does not exceed 
two feet. 

Two fixtures, other than water-closets discharging into a double 
Y or sanitary T cross, with no other fixtures discharging above 

[27] 



them, may be back vented through a common vent or back vent 
pipe provided the total fall between the water level of the trap 
and vent pipe does not exceed the inside diameter of the waste 
pipe extend at a grade of £ inch per foot. (See sketches Nos. 
15a and 15b and sections 8 and 19c.) 

(b) Back Vents not Required. Basement or cellar floor 
drains, subsoil traps, elevator catch basins and similar receptacles 
need not be back vented when branched into a horizontal house 
drain five feet or more from the base of a soil pipe stack. 
For further provisions on this subject see "Floor Drains and 
Fixture Wastes." 

Section 11. (a) Grade of Horizontal Pipes. All horizontal 
drain, soil and waste pipes shall be run in practical alignment 
and at the uniform grade of \ inch per foot or more; but in no 
case shall the grade be less than \ inch per foot, whether under 
cellar floor or supported by piers, posts, wall ledges or iron 
hangers. 

(b) Changes in Direction. For information on changes in 
direction of soil, waste and drain pipes, see sketch No. 7 and 
chart C. 

(c) To Increase or Reduce Size of Pipes. Proper fittings 
of sanitary design shall be used to increase or reduce size of 
pipes. 

Section 12. (a) Hangers and Supports. All hangers, pipe 
supports and fixture settings in or against masonry, concrete 
or stone backing shall be securely made with expansion bolts 
or other approved methods without the use of wood plugs. All 
drainage and plumbing pipes shall be rigidly secured and sup- 
ported so that the proper alignment will be retained. 

(b) Backgrounds. Backgrounds, except under special con- 
ditions, must be provided for the securing of closets, tanks, 
basins, sinks, brackets and all other wall fixtures or hangings. 

(c) Stack Supports. All stacks shall be thoroughly sup- 
ported on concrete, masonry piers or foot rests at their bases; 
and those ten feet or more in height shall also be provided with 
floor rests or other substantial supports at ten foot or floor 
intervals. All pipe supports shall be made of heavy iron posts, 
wall hangers or brackets, steel fittings or concrete or masonry 
piers. All brick piers shall be at least eight inches square. 

[28] 



QUALITY AND WEIGHT OF 
MATERIALS 



Section 13. Vitrified Pipe. All vitrified pipe and fittings 
shall be first quality vitrified clay pipe, sound and well burned 
throughout their thickness, with well-glazed smooth exterior and 
interior surfaces, free from cracks, flaws, blisters, fire checks 
and all other imperfections which would impair their value. 

Section 14. (a) Cast Iron Pipe. All cast iron pipe and fittings 
shall be made of close-grained gray iron, ductile and readily 
cut with file or chisel, smooth on the inside, free from flaws, sand 
holes or other defects and of a uniform thickness. Such pipes 
and fittings shall not be lighter than the commercial grade known 
as "Standard," except that in buildings three stories or more in 
height, "extra heavy" soil pipe shall be used. 

Note. On account of its greater durability and ease of installa- 
tion, it is recommended that "extra heavy" cast iron pipe be 
used in all plumbing systems. Cities by ordinance can require 
the use of "extra heavy" cast iron pipe and fittings. 

(b) Weights of Cast Iron Pipe. All cast iron pipe, includ- 
ing hubs, shall weigh not less than the weights per foot given 
in the following table: 

CHART B. 



Diameter. 


Standard 
weight per foot. 


Extra heavy 
weight per foot. 


2-inch 


3K 
4K 
6^ 
8% 
10H 


5^ pounds. 


3-inch 


9| pounds. 


4-inch 


13 pounds. 


5-inch 


17 pounds. 
20 pounds. 


6-inch 


7-inch 


27 pounds. 
33| pounds. 


8-inch 











[29 1 



(c) Coating for Cast Iron Pipe and Fittings. All pipe 
and fittings shall 'be coated with asphaltum or coal tar pitch. 
Both pipe and coating shall be heated to a temperature of 
300 degrees F. before the castings are dipped. 



CHART C. 

Showing Minimum Radius of Cast Iron Soil Pipe Fittings 
Permitted when Change of Direction is Made.* 

(Case A) When direction of flow changes from horizontal 
to vertical. 



Size of pipe 


2" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


6" 






Minimum radius 


3" 


3|" 


4" 


4*" 


5" 






(Case B) When direction of flow changes from vertical to 
horizontal. 


Size of pipe 


2" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


6" 






Minimum radius 


3" 


O 1// 

°2 


4" 


4i" 


5" 






(Case C) When direction of flow is at right angles and changes 
from horizontal to horizontal. 


Size of pipe 


2" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


6" 






Minimum radius 


5" 


5r 


6" 


6i" 


7" 







Note. A combination Y and \ bend or Y and \ bend are 
recommendable. When a pipe of smaller diameter enters a 

[30] 



pipe of greater diameter a fitting with a minimum radius as 
shown under Case A may be used. 

When sanitary Ts or wiped branches are used in change of 
direction they should be so arranged that the flow from other 
fixtures will serve as a wash. 

*For method of determining radius (see sketch No. 7.) 

Section 15. (a) Wrought Iron Pipe. All wrought iron or 
steel pipe, known to the trade as merchant or full weight pipe, 
used for soil, waste or vent pipes, shall be galvanized and not 
lighter than shown in the following chart: 

CHART D. 





Diameter. 


Weight per lineal 
Foot 


H 


inches 


2.73 pounds. 


?, 


inches 


3.68 pounds. 


?,i 


nches 


5.82 pounds. 
7.62 pounds. 
9.20 pounds. 


3 


mches 


3 a 


inches 


4 


mches 


10.89 pounds. 


44 


inches 


12.64 pounds. 
14.86 pounds. 
19.18 pounds. 
23.77 pounds. 


5 


inches 


6 


inches 


7 


nches 


8 


nches 


25.00 pounds. 









(b) Screw Thread Fittings. Threaded fittings for vents 
and back vents shall be malleable, cast iron or brass. 

All screw thread fittings used for soil and waste pipes shall 
be of cast or malleable iron or brass. Waste fittings shall be of 
the recessed, drainage fitting pattern; and the same rules for 
change of direction given in charts C and E will apply. All iron 
screw thread fittings for soil, waste or vent pipes shall be gal- 
vanized or asphaltum coated. 



[31 



CHART E. 

Showing the Minimum Length of Face to Center of Drain- 
age Fittings 

(Case A) When direction of flow changes from horizontal to 
vertical. 



Size of pipe.... 


li" 


U" 


2" 


21" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


6" 


Distance from 
face to cen- 
ter (A) 


If" 


O 3 it 


Q3// 


2x1" 




O 13// 
° 16 


4|" 


5A" 



(Case B) When direction of flow changes from vertical to 
horizontal. 



Size of pipe.... 


H" 


11" 


2" 


21" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


v 


Distance from 


















face to cen- 


2i" 


21" 


3 A" 


Q 11// 
J 16 


4f" 


5A" 


61" 


71" 


ter. (A) .... 



















(Case C) When direction of flow changes from horizontal to 

horizontal. 

(Use same distance from face to center as in Case B.) 

Note. Long turn Y branches or Y and 1 bend are recom- 

mendable. 




[32] 



Section 16. Prohibited Fittings. Sanitary Tees of short 
radius shall not be used except in connecting horizontal to 
vertical soil or waste pipes in which the flow is toward the 
vertical line. The use of one-fourth bends or elbows in soil or 
waste pipes is governed by charts G and E and sketch No. 7. 

One-fourth bends with side or heel outlets, except when they 
are made with Y or sanitary T branches, and all double hub 
fittings, double Tees and double sanitary Tees when used hori- 
zontally are prohibited, except when smaller pipes discharge 
into a larger pipe. Double hubs and double hub fittings may be 
used on rain water leader and vent lines. Offsets having less 
than one-fifth pitch will not be permitted. The use of a drive 
ferrule is prohibited and the use of combination lead ferrules 
will be permitted only when the calk joint can be made in the 
upright position. 

All waste and vent pipes must enter soil pipe by means of 
properly inserted fittings. 

The drilling and tapping of soil, vent and waste pipes and 
house drains to receive waste and vent pipes of any description is 
strictly prohibited, and in no case will the use of saddles or bands 
be permitted, without permission from the plumbing inspector. 

Note. All such saddles must be of efficient design and construc- 
tion. 

Whenever horizontal wrought or galvanized iron pipe con- 
nects with cast iron, soil, waste or vent lines, tapped fittings or 
tap extension pieces shall be used wherever practicable. No 
double hub or inverted calk joint shall be permitted in soil and 
waste lines. 

Section 17. Lead Pipe Bends and Traps, Weight of. All 
pipe used for branch soil, waste, vent or flush pipes, including 
bends and traps, shall be the best quality of drawn lead pipe,of not 
less weight per lineal foot than shown in the following table: 



[33] 



CHART F. 



Inside Diameter. 



Weight per foot. 



1 inch 
1| inch 
1| inch 

2 inch 

3 inch 

4 inch 



2 1b 


Ooz 


2 " 


8 " 


3 " 


8 " 


4 " 


" 


6 " 


" 


8 " 


" 



Section 18. Brass Pipe, Fittings, Tubing and Casting. 

All brass pipe used for soil, waste and vents, except fixtures, 
traps and overflows, shall be of commercial iron pipe gauge. 

All brass fittings for soil, waste or vent pipes shall be of 
a good quality of cast brass, having a thickness corresponding to 
brass pipe of the same diameter. The thickness of threaded ends 
must be equal to the thickness of the corresponding pipe size at 
the root of the thread. 

All brass tubing used for fixtures, traps and overflows between 
wall or floor and fixtures shall be made of a good quality of 
brass and of a thickness at least equal to No. 18 Brown & Sharp 
gauge. 

All brass fittings used for fixtures, traps and overflows shall 
be of a good quality of brass, free from sand holes, flaws or other 
defects, and of a uniform thickness equal to twice the thickness 
of the brass tubing. The thickness of the threaded ends shall be 
equal to the thickness of the fitting at the root of the thread. 

Soldering nipples shall be of heavy cast brass, or of brass 
pipe of iron weight, thickness and size. When cast they shall 
be of full bore and of not less than the weights given in the 
following chart: 



[34] 



CHART G. 



Inside Diameter Weights 

11 inch ' lb. 6 oz. 



Brass ferrules shall be of a good quality of brass, composed 
of a mixture that will fuse readily with plumbers' solder, free 
from sand holes, flaws or other defects, uniform in thickness, and 
at least four and one-half inches long, of a size and weight as per 
the following chart: 



Inside Diameter 

1| inch: 


CHART 


H. 


Weight 
1 lb. 1 oz 


2 






1 " 4 " 


3 






1 " 14 " 


4 






. 2 " 8 " 


5 






3" " 


6 






3" 8 " 



[35] 



TRAPS AND CLEAN-OUTS 



Section 19. (a) Traps. Each fixture, except those wasting 
as described in this section, and those in orders of the Industrial 
Commission on places of employment shall be separately trapped 
by a water seal trap, placed as close to the fixture as possible. 

Every trap shall be self-cleaning. No form of trap shall 
be used which depends upon the action of movable parts for 
its seal. No trap shall be used which depends upon concealed 
interior partitions for its seal, unless such interior partitions are 
made of indestructible material. No trap shall be used which in 
case of defect would allow the passage of sewer air. Grease traps 
with integral cast partitions of indestructible material may be 
used. Drum traps shall be used whenever practicable under all 
bath tubs and shower baths. 

Traps for bath tubs, basins, sinks or other similar fixtures 
shall be made of lead, brass or iron. For depth of trap seals see 
Chart I and for size see Chart A. Each trap shall have a water 
seal of not less than two inches. Laundry trays, wash tubs, or 
similar fixtures may waste into single trap. The outlet waste 
pipe and trap of three or four compartments should be at least 
2 inches in diameter. 

CHART I. 

DEPTH OF SEAL FOR COMMON TRAPS 



Size of Trap 


11" 


ir 


2" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


6" 






Depth of Seal 


2" 


2" 


2" 2\" 


2\" 


2§" 


2\" 



[36] 



DEPTH OF 


SEAL 


FOR 


DEEP SEAL TRAPS 




Size of Trap 


H" 


1§" 


2" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


6" 






Depth of Seal 


4" 


4" 


4" 


5" 


5" 


5" 


5" 



(b) Trap Clean-outs. All traps placed between a floor and 
a ceiling, or in any other accessible place, shall have a brass 
screw clean-out flush with the floor or accessible from under 
the floor. 

All traps used in combination with fixtures which are readily 
accessible and removable need not be provided with a brass 
screw clean-out plug. 

(c) Setting of Traps. All traps shall be rigidly supported 
and set true with respect to their water level, and so located 
as to protect their seals. All that portion of the waste pipe 
of P trap extending to the point of venting shall be considered 
as a part of the trap and the total fall between water level of the 
trap and vent shall not exceed the inside diameter of the waste 
pipe. (See sketches No. 12 and 12a and sections 8 and 10.) 

(d) Traps — Where Prohibited. There shall be no trap at 
the foot of soil or waste pipe stacks, except where such a drain 
or sewer is used exclusively for conducting rain water or surface 
water to a house drain or sewer. 

(e) Traps on Rain Water Leaders. One trap may serve 
for one or more rain water leaders, providing no part of said 
pipe is used for a soil or waste pipe. When rain water leaders 
are carried up to the roof of a building they need not be provided 
with traps, unless such conductors terminate within 12 feet of 
any door, window, ventilating hood or air intake. Conductor 
branches taken off a head of the main house trap on street side 
must be provided with traps properly located to guard against 
frost. (See sketch No. 8.) 

(f) Other Waste Connected to Water Closet Trap Pro- 
hibited. In no case shall the waste from a bath tub or other 
fixture be connected with a water-closet trap. 



[37] 



(g) Overflow Connections. Overflow pipes from fixtures in 
each case shall be connected on the inlet side of the trap. 

Section 20. (a) Main House Trap. The house drain may 
be provided with a horizontal trap set level and placed immedi- 
ately inside of foundation wall where sewer enters building. This 
trap must be provided with a handhole to which clean-out is 
connected. 

Main house trap may be omitted in building where the roof 
terminals of soil and vent stacks are favorably located, when 
plumbing is free from defects fixture traps properly protected 
from siphonage, and the installation made in a durable and 
sanitary manner, as provided for in this Code. 

When main traps are used they must be provided with a 
fresh air inlet on the house side of the trap. (See sketches No. 
2 and 8.) 

(b) Fresh Air Inlets Where Main House Traps are Used. 
There shall be a fresh air inlet entering the house side at least 
two feet from the water seal of the main trap. The inlet when 
exposed shall be covered with a substantial fresh air cap or 
return bend. When located under porch a free circulation of air 
must be provided. 

(c) Location of. No £resh air inlet shall be so placed that 
a cold air intake for a furnace or heater may draw air from same; 
nor shall it be open at a point less than four feet from any door, 
window or other air intake. 

Section 21. Back Flow Valves. Drain pipes from fixtures, 
shall be provided with adequate backwater valves when subject 
to back flow or backwater from sewer. Such back water valves 
shall be so placed as not to interfere with the flow or discharge of 
any conductor or rain water leader or other fixture, and be 
readily accessible for cleaning. (See sketch No. 8.) 

Section 22. (a) Clean-outs. Where main house traps are 
installed, cast iron pipe shall be extended from handhole of 
trap to a point two inches above the surface of finished floor 
or grade. All clean-outs in house drains shall be at least four inches 
in diameter. (See sketch No. 2.) 

All additional clean-outs for main house drain shall be extended 
where practicable to a point two inches above the surface of the 
finished floor or grade. 

[38 1 



All other clean-outs shall be of adequate size and located in 
such manner as to serve the purpose for which they were intended. 

(b) Construction of Clean-outs. When solid brass screw 
caps for clean-outs are used, they shall be at least | inch in thick- 
ness and provided with standard pipe thread and square or 
hexagonal head at least f inch high. The ferrule when constructed 
of brass shall be at least ^ inch in thickness; and when con- 
structed of iron the same weight per foot as extra heavy cast 
iron soil pipe. The screw cap shall have at least five threads of 
iron pipe size. 

Note. Clean-outs shall be provided for all large trough, 
pedestal and porcelain stall urinals at such points that all parts 
of waste may be reached conveniently with sewer rod or wire, 
(See sketch No. 6 and section 19b.) 



[39] 



JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS 



Section 23. (a) Joints in Vitrified Pipe. Joints in vitri- 
fied pipes shall be made with mortar composed of equal parts of 
hydraulic or Portland cement and clean sharp sand, thoroughly 
mixed dry, with enough water added to give the proper consis- 
tency. The joints must be pointed carefully on the outside; 
and the pipe left clean and smooth on the inside by drawing 
through it a swab or scrape. (See sketch No. 2.) 

(b) Vitrified and Iron Pipe. Underground joints between 
vitrified and iron pipe shall be made the same as above re- 
quired for vitrified pipe. 

(c) Cast Iron Pipe. All joints in cast iron pipe shall be made 
by first inserting a roll of hemp, oakum or jute and thoroughly 
calking it in place, and then following with pure molten lead well 
calked, not less than one inch deep, lead to be brought to top of 
hub and faced. No paint, varnish or putty will be allowed in the 
joints until they have been tested. 

(d) Wrought Iron and Brass. Joints in galvanized iron 
or brass pipe shall be standard screw joints, and all burs or 
cuttings shall be removed. All screw joints shall be made with 
white or red lead, mineral paint, red lead and varnish or other 
approved compounds. 

(e) Wrought Iron or Brass and Cast Iron. Connections 
between wrought iron or brass and cast iron shall be either a 
calked joint or a screwed joint. 

(f) Joints in Lead Pipe. Joints in lead pipe or between 
lead, brass or copper pipes shall in all cases be wiped joints 
except solder brazed or sweated joints on brass reamed concaved 
bushings in connection with exposed brass or lead traps shown 
in (sketches No. 12 and 12a.) 

(g) Wrought Iron Pipe Connections. Connections be- 
tween lead and cast or wrought iron pipes shall be made with a 
calked joint, a soldering nipple or threaded joint. Wrought iron 
pipe connections shall be made with a right and left coupling, 
flanged union with durable gasket, a ground faced union or 

[40] 



an extra heavy running thread with lock nut made tight with 
wicking and red or white lead. All unions used on the sewer side 
of traps shall be ground faced. No slip-joint connection will be 
allowed on the sewer side of the trap. (See sketch No. 12a.) 

Section 2i. (a) Roof Joints. The joint at the roof shall be 
made water-tight by the use of proper sheet copper or lead plate. 
See section 28(F). 

(b) Roof Flashing. Sheet lead for roof flashing shall weigh 
not less than three pounds per square foot and shall extend not 
less than six inches from the pipe. Other flashings of substantial 
material will be permitted. (See sketch No. 9.) Note. Roof 
flashings of durable material designed and constructed so that 
an adequate air space is provided between the pipe and flash- 
ing are recommended. The term substantial material as used in 
this section shall mean 3 lb. sheet lead, or copper, brass or gal- 
vanized iron of adequate weight and construction. 

Section 25. Earthenware with Metal Floor Connections. 
The connections between soil pipe and fixtures with combined 
earthenware, vitreous china or enameled iron shall be made with 
a solid brass floor plate, not less than 3-16 inch thick, soldered, 
screwed or calked to bend or pipe, securely anchored to the 
floor and bolted to trap flange. (See sketch No. 1.) 

Joints shall be made air-tight with an adequate asbestos 
graphite ring or asbestos gasket washer. To insure the tightness 
of this joint a paste of red or white lead or other equal compound 
of the consistency of putty, shall be used. Note. Add sufficient 
putty or whiting to the red or white lead to make the proper 
mixture. (For such fittings see sketch No. 1.) 

Section 26. Water and Air-tight Joints. All joints and 
connections mentioned under this title shall be made water 
and air-tight. 

Section 27. Connections to Lead Bend. It is recommended 
that no waste pipes conveying hot water be branched into lead 
bends receiving the discharge of water-closets or other similar 
fixtures, except in case new fixtures are added to old installations. 
(For method of installation see sketch No. 1.) 



[4i; 



SURFACE AND RAIN WATER 
CONNECTIONS 



Section 28. (a) Rain Water Leaders Not to Connect to 
Sanitary Sewer. Roof leaders or down-spout wastes and 
surface and ground water drains shall be connected wherever 
possible with a storm sewer; but they shall not be connected to 
house sewers which discharge into sanitary sewers. 

(b) Inside Leaders. All roof leaders, when placed within 
the walls of any building, in an interior court, or in a ventilating 
or pipe shaft shall be made and placed as specified for soil, waste 
and vent pipes. 

(c) Connections with Rain Water Leaders — When Pro- 
hibited. Rain water leaders shall not be used as soil, waste or 
vent pipes; nor shall any soil, waste or vent pipes be used as rain 
water leaders. 

(d) Defective Rain Water Leaders. When an existing rain 
water leader within the walls of any building becomes defective, 
such leader shall be replaced by one which conforms to the re- 
quirements of this Code. 

(e) Rain Water Leaders When Connected to Drains. 
When rain water leaders are connected to house drains within 
the building, the horizontal part extending two feet inside the 
basement wall and the vertical portion outside the building wall 
shall terminate with hub at grade line, and shall be made of cast 
iron of same weight and durability as provided for house drains. 
(See sketch No. 2.) 

(f) Roof Terminal Connections. Connections between 
gutters, troughs, roof areas and rain water leaders inside the 
building shall be made of durable material. (See section 19 — e; 
also sketch No. 8.) Note. The term "durable" material as used 
in this section shall mean a brass ferrule, a brass soldering nipple, 
extra light lead pipe, 12 oz. copper, No. 18 gauge brass or cast 
iron receivers properly'connected with calk or screw joint. 

(g) Rain Water Drains to Curb. Where no sewer is ac- 
cessible, or where rain water is prohibited from entering the 
sanitary sewer, surface inlets and rain water conductors should 
be'drained separately to the curb line where practicable by drain 
pipes not less than four inches in diameter, and discharge into 
the public gutter, unless permitted to drain elsewhere. 

[42} 



MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 



Section 29. Three Inch Soil Stack. Where a 3-inch soil 
pipe stack is in place, or where it is wholly impracticable to use 
a 4-inch soil pipe for water-closets, a 3-inch soil pipe may be used 
for vertical stacks which shall conform in construction with 
sketch No. 10, also chart A. 

Section 30. Rural Residence. Installation. Where 
plumbing is to be installed in an isolated or rural residence with 
main sewer draining into a residential septic tank or cesspool 
it may be done in accordance with sketches No. 26, 26a and 26b. 
Every fixture trap shall be protected from syphonage and air 
circulation assured by means of a fresh air inlet on main drain 
and a vent where necessary. 

Section 31. Hot Water and Steam Wastes. All exhaust, 
blow-off, sediment or drip pipe connections from a steam boiler 
or any other hot water discharge shall not be connected to any 
house sewer or drain without first being cooled below a tempera- 
ture of 140 degrees Fah. in a suitable tank, catch basin or other 
cooling device; when necessary such installation must be provided 
with an adequate local vent or relief pipe, extended to the 
outer air. 

Note. The capacity of the catch basin or other cooling 
device and the relief pipe shall depend upon the steam pressure 
carried and the size of the boiler. 

Section 32. Terminals. The roof terminals of all vent 
pipes shall be extended at least three feet above any door, 
window, scuttle, air shaft or other opening used for ventila- 
tion when located at a distance less than twelve feet from such 
terminal. (See sketch No. 27.) When it is necessary to extend 
the roof terminals of soil, waste or vent pipes more than three 
feet above the roof, they shall have an adequate frost-proof 
covering. 

Whenever a new building is erected higher than an adjacent 
existing building, the owner of the new building shall not locate 

[43] 



windows within twelve feet of an existing vent stack on the 
lower building, unless the owner of such new building shall 
defray the expenses or shall himself make alteration necessary 
to conform with this section. 

Section 33. Waste Pipes for Acid Tanks. The waste 
pipes and traps for acid tanks, sinks and other receptacles 
receiving the discharge of acids in chemical laboratories, electro- 
typing, lithographing and other similar establishments must be 
made of extra heavy cast iron, coated inside and out with tar 
and asphaltum, extra heavy lead pipe, or lead-lined iron pipe of 
adequate durability. The waste pipes may be of vitrified clay 
when placed outside the building, or when serving as a local 
conveyor between acid tank, dilution tank or other receiving 
basin. 



[44] 



CATCH BASINS, SUMPS AND EJECTORS 



Section 34. (a) Grease Catch Basins. All grease catch 
basins shall be constructed in a water-tight and substantial 
manner of brick, cement, concrete, iron or vitrified clay pipe. 
The outlet shall be provided with a 4-inch inverted bend and 
clean-out, shall be submerged at least 8 inches, and shall be placed 
in the wall of the basin not less than 2' 6" above the bottom. 
The basin shall have an air-tight stone, cement or cast iron cover. 

(b) Where Used. Grease catch basins of adequate capa- 
city must be installed wherever kitchen or other greasy wastes 
from hotels, restaurants, club houses, public institutions or 
similar places are discharged into the sewer. Grease catch 
basins may be omitted from the plumbing system of a private 
residence. 

Note. Grease traps of the water-cooled type properly 
designed, constructed and installed and of adequate capacity 
are permitted. 

(c) Where Located. Whenever possible grease catch 
basins shall be installed just outside the wall of the building, 
and as near to the kitchen or other sink as possible. 

Where grease catch basins are installed on the inside of 
buildings they shall be made of cast iron or reinforced concrete 
with air-tight iron cover. 

Concrete catch basins shall have a metal ring embedded in 
the concrete to which cover may be bolted. (See sketches No. 
19 and No. 19a.) 

Section 35. Yard Catch Basins. A yard catch basin 
shall be constructed in the same general manner as provided 
for grease catch basins, except that they shall be at least 20 inches 
in diameter and where possible the outlet shall be at least 4 feet 
below the surface of the ground. The basin shall have a cover of 
stone or heavy cast iron with strainer flush with the surrounding 
ground. (See sketch No. 19.) 

[45] 



A yard catch basin may be installed to receive surface drainage 
or discharge from pump, yard, hydrant or other outside waste. 

Section 36. Stable Catch Basins. When liquid wastes 
from barns, stables, manure pits and stable yards are per- 
mitted to enter the public sewer system, they shall be inter- 
cepted by a properly trapped catch basin of suitable design. 

Conductors or down spouts when permitted in a sewerage 
system may be connected with such stable or barn catch basins 
to act as local vents for same. (See sketch No. 19.) 

Section 37. Garage Catch Basins. Garage drains shall 
be intercepted before entering the sewer by a suitable catch 
basin properly trapped. A 4-inch conductor pipe when per- 
mitted to connect with house drainage or sewerage system may 
be connected to this catch basin to act as a local vent. In the 
absence of the latter, a 4-inch fresh air inlet from the outer air 
or a local vent through the roof is recommended. (See sketch 
No. 20.) 

It is recommended that garage drains discharge into yard 
catch basins constructed in the manner provided for in section 
No. 35. (See sketch for Catch Basin Nos. 19 and 19a.) 

Note. Grease, yard, stable and garage catch basins and 
other similar receptacles must be kept clean and sanitary. 
The sediment collected in the same must be removed often 
enough to prevent obstruction of the drainage pipes. 

Section 38. (a) Ejectors — When Required. In al 
buildings in which the whole or a part of the drainage and 
plumbing system thereof lies below the flow line of the main 
sewer, the sewage or house wastes shall be lifted by artificial 
means and discharged into the main sewer. 

(b) Sumps and Receiving Tanks. All house drains dis- 
charging below the floor line of the main sewer shall be con- 
nected to a sump of adequate capacity with air-tight cover. 
It shall be so located as to receive all such drainage by gravity 
and shall be vented with an adequate vent pipe. 



[46] 



FLOOR DRAINS AND FIXTURE WASTES 



Section 39. Basement Floor Drains. Cellar or basement 
floor drains will not be permitted unless they connect into 
a deep seal trap so constructed that it can be cleaned readily, 
and under proper conditions sewer air excluded. (See Sec. 
No. 10b.) 

When subject to back flow such drains shall be equipped 
also with an adequate back water valve. (See Sec. No. 21 and 
10.) 

Note. When possible ice-box drains, bubblers and similar 
wastes shall be connected with the floor drain so as' to main- 
tain a permanent water seal. (For method of installation see 
sketch No. 4.) 

Section 40. Subsoil Receiver. The discharge of drain tile 
from footings of buildings shall be collected in a subsoil receiver 
or trap, of adequate capacity having a water-tight cover securely 
bolted or screwed on. Said cover shall be at least 2 inches 
above basement floor. (For method of installation see sketch 
No. 4a.) 

Note. Subsoil drainage frequently carries sand from sur- 
rounding soil. For this reason care should be taken that 
the tile is not so installed that it will not undermine the footings 
of foundation walls. When subsoil drains are connected to 
the sewerage system subject to back flow such drains must be 
equipped with an adequate back water valve. 

Section 41. Wastes from Laundries and Similar 
Establishments. Waste pipes in dye houses, breweries, 
bottling works, creameries, laundries and similar establishments 
where much water is used may discharge directly onto a non- 
absorbent floor, provided with an adequate number of floor 
drains, which drains must be connected to the house or yard 
catch basin by means of cast iron or vitrified pipe. 

Floor drains located above basement floor shall be considered 
a plumbing fixture and shall be of adequate size. For a method 
of installation see sketch No. 5 and 5a. 

[471 



Note. To avoid the production of soapsuds in the pipes, 
waste water from laundries and similar industries located above 
basement floor shall have an independent waste pipe. 

Section 42. Bar Wastes. Bar, soda fountain and similar 
wastes may be installed in accordance with one of the methods 
shown in sketch No. 28. 

The trap, waste and vent pipe may be located at either side 
of the bar or at any convenient point at the side of the bar. 

Note. It is recommended that the washing compartments 
be provided with standing waste and overflow pipe, and that 
a continuing flow of fresh water be maintained while the bar 
is in use. 

Section 43. Ice House and Storage Drains. The floor 
drains, in ice house and refrigerator rooms, markets, slaughter 
houses, storage rooms for provisions, or any room where ice is 
stored or used shall be of adequate size, properly trapped, and 
when necessary discharge into a catch basin. 

Section 44. Refrigerator Wastes. The waste pipe from 
a refrigerator, ice box or trap, or any receptacle in which pro- 
visions are stored shall not connect directly with any drain, 
soil or waste pipes. Such waste pipes shall be so arranged 
that they may be flushed properly. (For methods of installation 
see sketch No. 16.) 

Section 45. Area and Court Drains. When permitted to 
connect to the sanitary or house drainage system, the various 
drains from small yards, areas and courts may be connected 
together and their contents discharged into a yard catch basin, 
an adequate basement floor drain or a deep seal trap, so located 
that it is readily accessible for cleaning and is protected from 
frost. The surface opening of the drain to catch basin must be 
provided with an adequate strainer, and where necessary with 
a back flow valve. 

Section 46. Elevator Connection. All hydraulic eleva- 
tors, lifts and motors in order to prevent back pressure in any 
sewer drain, soil or waste pipe, shall discharge into a tank of 
adequate capacity. Such tanks shall be provided with adequate 
deep seal trap or inverted bends and where necessary with back- 
water valve. (See sections 10 and 21.) 

r48U 



Section 47. Bubbler Waste — How to Drain. Waste 
pipes from bubblers may discharge into an open fixture, trapped 
funnel or floor drain. Such waste pipes, however, must be 
trapped to preclude their use as a local vent for cellar, etc. 

When bubblers are connected directly to soil, waste or drain 
pipes, they shall be trapped and vented properly. (For methods 
of installation see sketch No. 17.) 

Section 48. Dental Cuspidors. Dental cuspidors when 
connected to a waste pipe must be effectively trapped and 
vented, as shown in sketch No. 18. 

The length of the horizontal waste pipe between the vent 
pipe and trap must not exceed fifteen feet. The total fall of 
the horizontal waste pipe between trap and vent shall not exceed 
the inside diameter of said waste pipe. 

Section 49. Cistern Overflow. Overflow pipes from cis- 
terns shall not connect directly with any house sewer, but shall 
discharge into an open fixture, catch basin or floor drain. 

Note. Overflow pipes from cisterns shall not discharge, 
however, into sanitary sewers intended for domestic use only. 

Section 50. Overflow Pipes. The discharge of waste 
pipes from beer pumps, water motors, overflow pipes from 
water supply tanks, expansion tanks and drip pans sjiall be 
provided for in the same manner as for refrigerator wastes. 



[49] 



FIXTURES 



Section 51. (a) Fixtures — Water-Closets. All water- 
closets shall be made of porcelain or vitreous chinaware. The 
bowl and trap must be made of the combined pattern in one 
piece. They shall hold a sufficient quantity of water and be 
of such shape and form that no fecal matter will collect on 
the surface of the bowl. All water-closets shall be equipped 
with adequate flushing rims, so as to flush and scour the bowl 
properly when discharged. 

(b) Frost-Proof Closets — When Permitted. Outdoor 
frost-proof closets may be installed only in compartments 
which have no direct connection with any building used for 
human habitation. The soil pipe between the hopper and the 
trap shall be of cast iron four inches in diameter and free from 
offsets. Only in buildings where extreme conditions necessitate 
the use' of frost-proof closets will they be permitted. When frost- 
proof closets are installed within a building used for human 
habitation, the bowl must be of vitreous chinaware or iron 
moulded inside, of the flush rim pattern, provided with an 
adequate tank, automatically drained to guard the fixtures and 
piping against frost. (For a method of installation see sketch 
No. 21.) 

Note. The installation and use of the above type of fixture is 
to be discouraged as much as possible. Under the most favorable 
conditions little can be said for this closet from a practical and 
sanitary standpoint. 

(c) Open Plumbing. All plumbing fixtures shall be in- 
stalled or set free and open from all enclosing work. Where 
practicable all pipes from fixtures shall be run to the wall. 

Section 52. Urinals. Urinals must be made of material 
impervious to moisture, must be properly flushed and kept 
in a sanitary condition. If cast iron is used in the construction 
of urinals it must be enameled on the inside of the trough or 

[50 1 



bowl and coated with a durable paint or enameled on the out- 
side. No sheet metal will be permitted. 

Section 53. Bath Tubs, Sinks and Laundry Tubs. 

Bath tubs shall be made of earthenware, vitreous chinaware, 
enameled iron ware or other impervious material. Sinks and 
laundry tubs may be made of other materials where conditions 
make it necessary. 

Section 54. (a) Location of Fixtures. All toilet rooms 
and bathrooms shall have at least one outside window or be 
provided with local vent pipes or air shafts so as to insure at 
least four changes of air per hour. Local vents or air shafts 
for toilet rooms shall not be connected with the plumbing system, 
and must be so installed as to provide adequate ventilation. 

(b) Water Supply to Fixtures. All water-closets, urinals 
or other plumbing fixtures shall be provided with a sufficient 
supply of water for flushing to keep them in a sanitary condition. 

(c) Flush Tanks. All flush tanks or flushometer valves 
within any building shall have a flushing capacity of not less 
than three gallons for water-closets and not less than one gallon 
for urinals. 



[511 



REPAIRS AND RECONSTRUCTION 



Section 55. Old Materials Re-used. All fixtures, soil, 
waste and vent pipes removed from an old building, if found 
to be in good condition, may be used in the same building or 
may be used in another building, provided the owner of the 
building in which they are installed gives his written consent. 

(b) Old House Drains. Old house drains may be used in 
connection with new buildings or new plumbing only when 
they are found on examination or test to conform to the re- 
quirements of this Code governing new sewers and drains. 
If the old work is found defective, the local or state inspector 
shall notify the owner of the changes necessary to make it con- 
form to the requirements of this Code. 

(c) Fixtures Replaced. When an old or defective fixture 
is removed, to be replaced by a new one, and no other fixture 
or piping is to be added or remodeled, it will not be necessary 
to reconstruct the soil, waste or vent piping to make it conform 
to this Code, unless the same is in a defective condition. In 
such cases, if found necessary, the fixtures shall be provided with 
efficient deep seal traps or deep seal receding traps of the self- 
scouring centrifugal type. 

(d) Reconstruction. When old or defective plumbing is 
to be remodeled, additional fixtures installed or the whole 
plumbing system moved to another part of the building, then 
the remodeled system shall be made to conform reasonably to 
this Code. 

(e) Repairs. All repairs to fixtures or piping shall be done 
in a substantial, sanitary and workmanlike manner. 



[52] 



WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE DIS- 
POSAL PLANTS 



Section 56. (a) Public Water Supplies. The plan and 
specifications for all public water supplies must be submitted 
to the State Board of Health for approval before such system 
can be legally installed. 

(b) Private Water Supplies. All private water supplies 
hereafter constructed shall be made from a well, spring, lake 
or flowing stream which is not contaminated and which can be 
protected readily from contamination. Where possible all 
wells shall be cased or curbed with iron, steel or vitrified pipe or 
concrete to the level of the water in the well or deeper. The 
surface of the well must be protected from surface water and 
wash by a water-tight platform. All spring, lake or stream 
supplies subject to occasional pollution either must be filtered 
or sterilized with a hypochlorate or other similar disinfectant 
which is not dangerous to human life. 

(c) Pumps. Pumps for wells shall be placed in the center 
of a concrete or cement platform not less than six feet in diameter. 

The platform shall be placed at least six inches above the 
natural grade line, and be graded up around same to within 
two inches of the top of the platform in such manner as to con- 
duct all surface water away from the pump and well. (See 
sketches No. 29 and 29a.) 

Note. For data on water supplies of Wisconsin see Bulletin 
No. 35 of the Wisconsin Natural History Survey or Bulletin 
No. 106 of the University series. 



DISPOSAL PLANTS FOR THE TREATMENT AND 
DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE FROM RURAL BUILDINGS OR 
WHEN A PUBLIC SEWER IS NOT AVAILABLE. 

Section 57. (a) Sewage Treatment Disposal Plants. 

Septic, biological or other sewage treatment and disposal tanks 

[53] 



may be constructed and used where no public sewerage system 
is available or likely to become available within a reasonable 
time, or in rural districts. 

(b) Permission to Construct. Permission to construct 
same must be obtained from the local plumbing inspector in 
cities where such office is maintained; otherwise from the local 
health officer. 

Note. This provision, so far as is essential and practicable, 
is intended also to cover rural districts. This is required so 
that the health officer may easily know where sewage disposal 
plants will be located with reference to the availability of public 
sewer or the pollution of a public or private water supply. 
(See information sketch No. 30.) 

(c) Materials and Capacity. All tanks of this kind to 
receive domestic sewage shall have one compartment constructed 
of materials impervious to moisture. The second compartment 
or section may consist of a leaching basin, dry well, drain tile, 
filter beds or an efficient combination of any of these. (See 
section 58a.) The size of the tank should be based on the 
number of persons using or occupying the building for which the 
tank is to be constructed. It should have a minimum capacity 
(of 32 cubic feet, 2 ft. wide, 4 ft. long, by 4 ft. deep) below the 
level of the outlet pipe, and should have at least a capacity 
sufficient for a flow of sewage of 30 gallons (4 cu. ft.) per day, 
per person, flowing into the tank. Where unusually large 
volumes of laundry or other clear water are tributary to the 
tank the capacity should be increased in the ratio of one cubic 
foot of space to every 20 gallons of such surplus water. Surface 
and rain water leaders and cistern and other overflow pipes must 
not discharge into a septic, biological or other treatment tank 
used for the disposal of sewage. 

All tanks shall be constructed with the longest dimensions 
parallel to the direction of the flow, which should be at least twice 
the width, and of a depth of not less than four feet below outlet. 
Both the inlet and the outlet shall be submerged below the level 
of the water in the tank. The tank shall be provided with at 
least one manhole and cover. The main sewer where it enters 
the tank shall be provided with standard cast iron vent. A 



[54] 



similar vent shall be provided on the top of the tank or free cir- 
culation of air otherwise provided. 

Note. The design of a septic or biological tank shown in 
sketches No. 24a and 26a is presented as representing an in- 
expensive and effective form of tank for the disposal of household 
wastes. There are numerous designs of tanks and systems 
advocated such as the "Ashley" system, the "Kewaunee," the 
"Imhoff" tank, the "Activated Sludge Process" and many 
others, which under normal conditions are efficient and recom- 
mendable. Anyone desiring to install such a system should 
first consult some competent person familiar with these sys- 
tems as they require careful designing and attention when 
operated. For schoolhouses or other public buildings, the 
minimum capacity of the tank should not be less than two cubic 
feet per person, per day. (See sketch No. 24b and No. 24c.) 

(d) Effluent from Tank. The liquid flowing from a septic 
tank shall be discharged into a leaching basin, drainage tile, filter 
beds, (see section 58 and sketches No. 23a, 23b, 24b, 26b and 23c), 
or a water course which is not used as a water supply for domestic 
purposes and providing such disposition does not cause objection- 
able pollution. When the effluent of any form of tank is dis- 
charged into drain tile or on to filters it is recommended that it 
first pass into a syphon chamber that is provided with an ad- 
equate syphon which will discharge the contents of the chamber 
periodically into the tile or on to the filters. On account of 
the fact that these syphons are liable to operate continuously, 
due to lack of air or' excessive discharge from the septic tank, 
which is especially true of syphons smaller than 4 inch, it is 
recommended that at least a 4 inch syphon be used in all cases 
unless a larger one is required. If a syphon is used, it should be 
given regular attention. Their use is not necessary or advisable 
except when the dry well is to serve as a sprinkling filter or when 
drain tile is used. (See sketch No. 23b.) All tight cesspool 
compartments, septic and biological tanks must be cleaned out 
whenever the sludge contents of the tank shall occupy one-third 
of the cubic contents of the tank. The leaching compartment 
of the cesspool shall be cleaned out whenever the level of the 
liquid does not recede below a level of 5 feet from the bottom 
and is gradually rising. 

[55] 



The sludge removed from these tanks or cesspools shall be 
hauled away and buried, or burned in an incinerator when such 
is available. 

Section 58. (a) Dry Wells. The dry well shall consist 
of a chamber or well walled up with material which allows water 
to percolate through it, such as dry rubble or dry brick work. 
The bottom shall be left open to the soil. The capacity of this 
compartment shall be such as to provide 1 square foot of per- 
colating surface (including bottom) to every 5 to 10 gallons of 
water per day tributary to the compartment. It shall be at 
least 10 feet deep by 4 feet in diameter. The lower limit is to 
be taken for clayey or compact soil and the upper limit for sand 
and gravel. This compartment shall be provided with a man- 
hole and cover. The sewage from the building shall flow first 
through the water-tight treatment compartment and thence 
by trapped outlet to the leaching compartment, drainage tile 
or filter beds. (See Drain Tile and section 58 b, c and sketches.) 

Note. The use of a dry well or leaching drain for disposing 
of the effluent is not recommended except in cases where there is 
no possible danger of polluting any private or public water supply 
or where the use of drain tile or filter beds is impracticable. As 
usually constructed a leaching basin or dry well does not provide 
as good facilities for purifying the effluent as filter beds or drain 
tile laid near the surface of the soil. 

(b) Dry Wells — Where Located. A leaching basin or dry 
well compartment shall not be located where there is any danger 
of contaminating a water supply, well, spring, lake or stream or 
of causing a nuisance. No water-tight compartment shall be 
located within 2 feet of any lot line or 10 feet of any cistern or 
20 feet from any well, spring or other source of water supply 
used for domestic purposes. Where possible, the leaching 
compartment shall be located at least 50 feet from any dwelling 
or cistern and at least 150 feet from any surface well or spring. 
They may be permitted within 50 feet from a drilled well where 
the casing extends 100 feet below the surface of the ground and 
is driven firmly into rock. No abandoned water supply well shall 
be used as a cesspool or leaching compartment of the disposal 
system as herein defined. 



[56] 



Note. The limits of distances given in the above paragraph 
shall be taken as the lowest limit of safe distances between the 
sewerage disposal plant and the source of water supply. 

The danger of contamination depends almost entirely upon the 
character of the soil into which the sewage is discharged and upon 
the length of time the leaching compartment has been in use since 
cleaning. A clayey soil full of seams, a porous rock or one full of 
crevices, or a very coarse gravel will allow the effluent from the 
leaching basin or dry well to flow directly to the well with little 
or no purification. A sandy or gravelly soil is the best and safest 
in which to locate leaching basins, dry wells or drain tile. Where 
the effluent discharges into a leaching basin located in clayey soil 
full of seams a porous rock or one full of crevices, or where there 
is danger of contaminating the water supply, further protection 
can be provided by filling the leaching basin with broken brick or 
rock of similar material and extending from bottom of basin to 
above the basin inlet two 4-inch vitrified clay pipes with inverted 
Ys at intervals of 2 feet and by providing a cone-shaped deflector 
placed directly under the inlet to the basin and 2 feet above the 
stone contents of the basin and so designed and installed that it 
will deposit the discharged effluent in such a manner that it is 
equally distributed on to the stone or filtering material. The 
basin must be provided with a 6 inch fresh air inlet. A leaching 
basin thus designed and properly cared for will materially im- 
prove the character of the effluent and will afford additional 
protection. This type of leaching basin or dry well may be 
of the vertical or horizontal type. (See sketch No. 23b.) 

Where the owner's lot is too small to get the distances given 
in this paragraph between the well and the leaching compartment, 
the well should be located as near one end of the lot as possible 
and the leaching compartment of the disposal plant as near the 
other end as possible, unless by so doing the owner would be 
contaminating his neighbor's well that might be situated close 
to the proposed location of the leaching basin. 

(c) Drainage Tile and Syphon. Drainage tile should be 
used in place of a dry well where the surface soil for a depth of 3 
to 6 feet is sandy or gravelly. The drainage tile should be laid 12 
inches to 3 feet below the surface of the ground and in a very 
slight grade away from the tank (about 2 inches in 100 feet). 

[57] 



The tile should be laid in straight or curved parallel lines 15 
feet or more apart. The joints should be left one-fourth inch 
apart and blinded with burlap or broken tile. The amount of 
tile laid should be based on 20 to 100 feet per person tributary 
to the tank according to the character of the soil. The effluent 
from the tank should be discharged into the tile by an adequate 
automatic syphon, located in a chamber adjacent to the tank. 

The capacity of the syphon chamber below the water line 
should be equal to the cubic contents of the tile required for the 
particular installation and must have a water head sufficient to 
insure proper syphonic action. (See sketch No. 23c.) 

Note. Each foot of 3-inch drain tile has a capacity of .367 
gallons; 4-inch tile .652 gallons; 5-inch tile 1.02 gallons; 6-inch 
tile 1.46 gallons. The amount of tile required is governed by the 
lay of the land and the character of the soil. This is important 
and must receive careful attention. The drainage tile should be 
laid approximately one foot below the surface of the ground and 
in cases where it is necessary to lay the tile deeper than two feet 
an adequate system of ventilation should be provided. 

(d) Ring and Cover. Water-tight treatment tank, syphon 
chamber and leaching basin shall be provided with adequate 
cement or stone cover or a 20 inch cast iron ring and cover. 

(e) Vents. Water-tight treatment tank shall be vented with 
a 4-inch cast iron vent pipe extending not less than 10 inches 
above the ground and not less than 20 feet from any window, 
door or other opening in buildings used for human habitation. 
The sewer from the building shall be vented with a 2-inch cast 
iron vent located within 2 feet of the tight compartment or an 
adequate free circulation of air otherwise provided. 

Note. For a recommendable method of venting see sketch 
No. 24a and b. 

(f) Piping. The outlet from the water-tight treatment tank 
shall be through a deep invert, the same size as the house sewer, 
provided with an adequate vent; and the piping between the 
tight and leaching basin may be either of earthenware or cast 
iron. The water-tight compartment need not be located adjacent 
to the leaching compartment; they may be any distance apart, 
if connected with piping as herein specified. 



[58] 



(g) Privy Vaults. The use of privy vaults is prohibited on 
premises where a public water supply and sewer are available. 
No privy vault, manure pit or other reservoir hereafter con- 
structed which is used as a receptacle for human excreta, shall 
be located within 2 feet of any lot or alley line or within 20 feet 
of any street line or building used for human habitation. Such 
privy vault shall be located at least 25 feet from any cistern, 
well, spring, or other source of water supply used for drinking 
purposes. All privy vaults hereafter constructed shall be made 
fly proof. 

All privy vaults which are located within 2 feet of any lot or 
alley line, within 10 feet of any street line or building used for 
human habitation, or within 25 feet of any cistern, well or other 
source of water supply used for drinking purposes shall be made 
of water-tight masonry and must be at least 4 feet square and 
6 feet deep. The pit shall extend at least 12 inches above the 
surface of the surrounding ground and shall be covered with a 
fly proof shelter house. 

Note. The Sanitary Privy Bulletin issued by the State Board 
of Health gives the following rules : 

There are eight fundamental requirements which must be 
observed in the construction of this sanitary privy. These are 
as follows: 

1. It must be located and constructed so that there is abso- 
lutely no danger of a water supply being contaminated. 

2. It must be so constructed that small animals or vermin 
cannot in any way get to the excreta. 

3. It must be fly proof. 

4. It must be so constructed that it can be kept in a sanitary 
condition without too much labor. 

5. It must be one that can be constructed at a minimum cost. 

6. It must be safe against overturning and must afford a 
reasonable amount of protection from the weather to the person 
using it. 

7. While it is desirable that the privy make as neat an appear- 
ance as possible, the appearance must be second to utiljty. 

8. The vault must be as dark as possible, but the shelter 
house should be properly ventilated and lighted. 



[59] 



The following cuts outlining the type and method of construc- 
tion of a sanitary privy embody the points necessary to satisfy 
the above requirements (see Privy Bulletin). Everyone who does 
not have the advantages of a public sewer system is advised to 
have a privy of this sort. Old, unsanitary privies should be re- 
placed at once by the sanitary type. There is no excuse for not 
using this plan when building a new privy. When we consider 
the element of convenience and safety the increased cost repre- 
sents money well spent. For additional information on the sub- 
ject see Privy Bulletin, copies of which can be secured from the 
State Board of Health free of charge. 

Chemical and Dry Closets 

The State Board of Health strongly advises against the use of 
chemical closets, chemical closet systems or the so-called dry 
closets. There may be a few localities in the state where possible 
exception to this rule is justified on account of the lay of the 
land, or when the character or the condition of the soil is such 
that the effluent from a treatment or biological tank cannot 
properly be disposed of. When a public water supply or sewerage 
system is not available, an efficient, durable and satisfactory 
water system of the "compressed air storage" or "air pressure 
delivery" type and sewerage treatment disposal system can, in 
most cases, be installed at a reasonable cost, considering the pro- 
tection and comforts thus afforded. The Plumbing Division of 
the State Board of Health is ready at all times to assist in making 
a full investigation of all factors to be considered in determining 
what system of sewage disposal should be adopted, and solicits 
correspondence from those contemplating the installation of 
plumbing and drainage systems. (See subjects of Water Supply 
and Sewage Disposal.) 

(h) Cesspools Prohibited. No cesspool or other system for 
sewage disposal shall be constructed where a sewer is available 
nor shall any connection from such cesspool be made with any 
sewer. 

Cesspools now existing in premises accessible to a sewer and 
cesspools that may hereafter become accessible to a sewer, must 
be discontinued, emptied of their contents, cleaned out and 
filled with earth or ashes, and the house sewer shall be discon- 
nected from the old cesspool and be reconnected with the public 
sewer. 

[601 



INSPECTIONS AND TESTS 



Section 59. (a) Local Inspections. All piping of a drainage 
or plumbing system in cities having local plumbing inspectors 
(except in case of repairs as specified in subsection m) shall 
be tested by the plumber in charge in the manner herein pro- 
vided in the presence of the local inspector of plumbing or his 
authorized deputies. For state inspections see pages 4, 11, 12, 
and 21. 

(b) Materials and Labor. The material and labor for tests 
shall be furnished by the plumber in charge. 

(c) House Drain Tests. The entire house drain with all 
its branches, receptacles and connections shall be brought so 
far as practicable to the surface or grade of basement floor and 
tested with water or air. Upon being found free from defects 
and leaking joints, the test shall be considered satisfactory. 

(d) Stable and Garage Tests. If a stable, garage or any 
part thereof is used for human habitation, or is so constructed 
that it may be used as such, the same tests shall be made as for 
an ordinary dwelling. 

(e) Rain Leader Tests. Rain water leaders and their roof 
connections where they are permitted within the walls of any 
building, and such branches as connect with the house drain 
three feet beyond basement wall shall be tested with water or air. 

(f) Covering of Work. No part of any plumbing or 
drainage system shall be covered until it has been inspected, 
tested and approved. If any part is covered before being 
tested and approved, it shall be uncovered at the direction 
of the inspector. 

(g) Final Inspection. When the plumbing or drainage 
system is completed and fixtures are installed, the final in- 
spection shall be made; and no such plumbing or drainage 
system shall be used until it has been inspected and approved, 
unless special permission is given by the proper authorities for 
its temporary use. 

(h) Inspection for Changes or Alterations. When addi- 
tional fixtures are installed or the style or location of any fixture 

[61] 



is changed or when changes are made in the piping system, the 
work shall be inspected. 

(i) Soils, Waste and Vent Tests. Soil, waste and vent 
pipes, rain water leaders and all work known as "roughing in 
and underfloor work" between the house drain connections to 
points above the finished floors and beyond the finished face 
of walls and partitions shall be tested. 

(j) Water and Air Test. The water test shall be applied 
by closing all openings in the pipes with proper testing plugs, to 
the highest opening above the roof, and completely filling the 
system with water or an air test with pressure of at least five 
pounds shall be used. If the pipes are found free from defects 
and leaking joints, the test shall be considered complete and 
satisfactory. Buildings five stories or more in height may be 
tested in sections as directed by the plumbing inspector. ' 

When water is not available, or when there is danger of freezing, 
the air test, with a pressure of at least five pounds shall be used. 

(1) Smoke Test. The smoke test shall be used in testing 
the sanitary condition of the drainage or plumbing system 
of all buildings where there is reason to believe it has become 
dangerous or defective on account of settlement of the building, 
abuse, accident or other cause. 

The smoke machine shall be connected to any suitable opening 
or outlet in the system. When the system is filled completely 
with dense pungent smoke, and the openings emit smoke, they 
shall be closed (and an air pressure equivalent to a one inch 
water column may be applied) and left standing at least ten 
minutes. If there is no leakage or forcing of trap seals, the 
system shall be considered air and gas tight. Nothing, however, 
in this section shall be construed to prohibit the removal of any 
clean-out or the unsealing of a trap to ascertain if the smoke 
has reached all parts of the system. 

(m) Tests for Repairs. Inspections may be made, but 
tests shall not be required after the repairing or replacing of 
any old fixture, faucet or valve by a new one to be used for the 
same purpose, forcing out stoppage, repairing leaks or relieving 
frozen pipes and fittings. Such repairs or alterations may not 
be construed to include cases where new vertical or horizontal 
lines of soil, waste, vent or interior rain water leaders are used 

[62] 



or their relative locations changed. In a building condemned 
by the proper authorities because of unsanitary conditions of 
house drainage or plumbing, tests and inspections shall be made 
as for new buildings. In such cases repairs or alterations shall 
be made which are necessary to make the plumbing sanitary. 

Note. No test or inspection shall be required where a 
house drainage and plumbing system or part thereof is set 
up for exhibition purposes; nor shall a test be required (although 
inspection may be made) where the plumbing is placed in an 
outhouse, stable or detached building used exclusively for such 
purpose. 

(n) Preparations for Inspection. When work is ready 
for inspection the plumber in charge, or in case none is employed, 
the owner, shall make such arrangements as will enable the 
inspector to reach all parts of the building readily, shall have 
present the proper apparatus and appliances for making the 
tests, and shall furnish such assistance as may be necessary 
in making proper inspection. 

(o) Notice for Inspection. The plumber in charge, or 
the owner of the property in case no plumber is employed, 
shall notify the inspector in person, by telephone or in writing 
when the work is ready for inspection. If the inspection is not 
made within a reasonable time after the notice is given, the 
plumber in charge, or the owner, may proceed with the work. 

Section 60. (a) Defects in Materials. If tests or inspec- 
tion discloses defective material, leakage, or unworkmanlike 
construction, which does not conform to the requirements of 
this Code, and which is condemned by the Inspector of Plumbing, 
the same shall be removed and replaced within three days, 
and when necessary retested. 

The presence of any foreign substance, other than that pro- 
vided for in this Code, about a joint or any part of a plumbing 
or drainage system shall be sufficient cause for condemning such 
joint or part of the system. Any split fittings, hubs or defective 
material which do not conform to the requirements of this 
Code, and which have been condemned by the Inspector, shall 
be removed from the work and not used again. 



[63 1 



SANITATION 



Section 61. (a) Drainage Installations. All drainage sys- 
tems and installations, including piping, traps and back venting 
in connection therewith, must be made in a sanitary manner, and 
in accordance with good practice and the provisions of this Code. 

(b) Workmanship. All work must be executed in a work- 
manlike manner, in accordance with the provisions of this Code. 

(c) Protection Against Trap Syphonage. Every fixture 
trap shall be protected from syphonage and air circulation in- 
sured where necessary by a vent or back vent pipe. 

(d) Dead Ends. All dead ends in pipes shall be avoided in 
the installation of any plumbing system. 

(e) Capacity for Flushing. All systems, installations and 
pipes supplying water for the flushing of closets, urinals or 
similar fixtures shall be of sufficient capacity and size to provide 
flushing adequate to keep them in a sanitary condition. 

(f) Drinking Water. Systems and installations supplying 
drinking water shall be of durable material and so constructed 
and installed that pollution or contamination is not reasonably 
possible. 

(g) Contamination From Fixture Connection. The water 
supply to any fixture shall be so placed as to reasonably pre- 
clude the possibility of the contents of such fixtures being 
syphoned or drained into the water supply pipes. 

(h) Insanitary Installations. No fixtures or installations 
shall be maintained which are insanitary or of improper design. 

(i) Catch Basin Cleaning. All sediment collected in catch 
basins shall be removed at least once a year and oftener when 
necessary. All sediment, grease or other waste liable to cause 
a nuisance shall be hauled away or buried. 



[64] 



TABLES, RULES AND CALCULATIONS 



Commercial Weight 

16 drams — 1 ounce 
16 ounces — 1 pound 
2000 pounds— 1 ton 

Liquid Measure 

4 gill — 1 pint 
2 pints — 1 quart 
4 quarts — 1 gallon 
231 cu. in. — 1 gallon 
31 1 gallons — 1 barrel 

Square Measure 

144 sq. in. — 1 sq. ft. 
9 sq. ft. — 1 sq. yd. 

Cubic Measure 

1728 cu. in.— 1 cu. ft. 
27 cu. ft.— 1 cu. yd. 

A gallon of water contains 231 cu. in. and weighs 8.33 lbs. 
(approximately 8 Yz lbs.). 

A cubic foot of water contains 1,728 cu. in., weighs at its 
maximum density 62.425 lbs. (approximately 62.5 lbs.) and is 
equal to 7.480 gallons (approximately 1\ gals.). 

To find the circumference of a circle multiply the diameter by 
3.1416. 

To find the area of a circle multiply the square of the radius 
by 3.1416, or multiply the square of the diameter of the circle 
by 0.7854. 

To find the pressure in pounds per square inch exerted by a 
column of water at its base, multiply the head in feet by 0.434. 
Thus, in a pipe 50 ft. in height filled with water the pressure at 
its base will be 21.7 lbs. 

For every pound pressure at the base of a column of water a 
height of approximately 27 % inches is required. 

[65] 



To find the head in feet, the pressure being known, multiply 
the pressure in pounds per square inch by 2.31. In computing 
the height water will rise in a building due allowance, however, 
must be made for variation in pressure, size of piping, friction, 
location and number of fixtures to be served and other conditions 
in connection therewith. 

In estimating the capacities of square -»»r rectangular tanks 
or cisterns, one of the following methods will give the contents: 

Thus, a cistern or tank 4'x4 / x4 / =64 cu. ft. =110,592 cu. in. 
and contains 478 % gals. 

To find the contents in cubic feet, multiply length, breadth 
and height in feet together. To find the contents in gallons, 
multiply the number of cubic feet by 7.5, or multiply the length, 
breadth and height in inches together and divide the result by 
231. 

To find the number of gallons in a circular tank, cylinder or 
pipe find the square of the diameter in inches, multiply this by 
the height in inches, and the result by .0034; or multiply the 
square of the diameter in inches by the length or height in feet 
and divide by 24.5 

Another rule for finding the number of gallons in length of 
pipe of any diameter is to multiply the square of the diameter 
in inches by .0408, and the result by the number of feet in length. 

To compute the approximate amount of calking lead re- 
quired for soil pipe joints, allow one pound for each joint one 
inch in diameter: Thus, 2 in. joint — 2 lbs.; 4 in. joint — 4 lbs., 
etc. This, however, depends largely upon the size of the hub. 
Joints must have a uniform depth of not less than 1 inch of lead. 

Where concrete is used for outdoor grease and yard catch 
basins, cisterns, cesspools and septic tanks, use one part Port- 
land cement, two parts sand and four parts broken stone or 
clean gravel; or four sacks of Portland cement, two barrels of 
clean sharp sand and four barrels of broken stone or clean gravel. 

A mortar composed of one cubic foot of cement and two 
cubic feet of sand will cover four square yards of surface one 
inch thick. 

Table 

1 barrel Portland cement — 4 bushels nominally. 
1 barrel Portland cement weighs 400 pounds. 
1 barrel Portland cement contains about 4 cubic feet. 
[66] 



For mortar for average masonry of rough stone estimate 
about one barrel of Portland cement and two to three barrels 
of sand to the cubic yard, depending on the character of the 
stone. 

In estimating capacities of septic tanks for ordinary house- 
hold use provide at least four cubic feet per capita tributary to 
the tank. (See Septic Tank, Section 57). 

A rainfall of one inch in depth on an area of 100 square feet 
will give a run-off of 62 gallons. 

Roof leaders proportioned as follows have been found in 
practice to give satisfactory results. For small roofs 1 sq. in. in 
sectional area of the leader for each 150 sq. ft. of roof surface. 
For medium sized roofs 1 sq. in. in sectional area of the leader for 
each 200 sq. ft. of roof surafce. For large roofs 1 sq. in. in sec- 
tional area of the leader for each 250 sq. ft. of roof surface, see 
table following: 

The size of the main house drain serving as a combination 
drain (sanitary and rain water) may be determined (for all 
practical purposes) by the total horizontal surface area covered 
by the building or buildings and paved surfaces to be drained, 
according to the following table, if iron pipe is used. If the pipe 
is vitrified clay, the diameter shall be one size larger for the same 
amount of area drainage. 

Square Feet of Drainage Area 



Diameter. 


Fall y 8 in. 
per foot. 


Fall M in. 
per foot. 


Fall y 2 in. 
per foot. 


4 in 


1,500 
1,800 
3,000 
6,000 
9,000 


1,800 
3,000 
5,000 
9,100 
14,000 


2,500 

4,500 

7,500 

13,600 

20,000 


5 " 


6" 


8 " 


10 " 





[67] 



In estimating hot water boiler capacities in plumbing in- 
stallations a reasonably safe rule is to allow a 40 gallon boiler 
for a residence having one bathroom. The size, however, can 
be computed only by first ascertaining the quantity of hot water 
that may be drawn off at a given time. In addition to the ca- 
pacity of the boiler, the heating agents employed in warming the 
water must be taken into consideration. Hot water consumption 
is computed generally on the basis of 10 gallons per capita per 
day. 

Nothing but an approximate idea of the consumption of cold 
water can be given. It is generally estimated, however, at 20 
gallons per capita per day. 

The following sizes of water supply for fixtures, when pressure 
is not less than twenty (20) pounds, are generally considered 
good practice. There are however, other conditions that must 
be taken into consideration. 

Flush tanks should have a flushing capacity of not less than 
3 gallons for water-closets and 1 gallon for urinals. 

House service pipes must be connected to the street mains 
by means of corporation cock, and a stopcock or valve placed 
under the sidewalk at the curb, in compliance with the rules 
and under the supervision of the Department of Water Supply. 

A separate stop or valve must be placed upon the service 
pipe inside the front wall. 

The diameters of street service pipes must not be less than 
three-quarter inch for dwellings and tenements occupied by 
six families or less; one inch for tenements or apartment houses 
occupied by more than six families and one and one-half inch for 
hotels, factories and other miscellaneous buildings, provided 
that in no case can the diameter of the service pipes be less than 
the diameter of the tap installed under the supervision of the 
Department of Water Supply. 

All rising lines should have a stopcock or valve at the foot 
of each line and in all buildings, except dwellings, a separate 
stopcock or valve should be placed on the branches from such 
as bathrooms, kitchens, etc., located to be accessible at all 
times. The diameters of all rising lines should be not less than 
three-quarters of an inch. Services from main in street or other- 



[68] 



wise, to inside of building and above basement or ground floor 
should be of lead or cast iron. 

Diameters of branches to any fixtures must not be less than 
one-half inch, except when used to supply water-closets, cisterns 
or lavatories. When the material used is lead or brass pipe, 
the minimum diameter may be three-eighths inch. Branches 
for. flush valves for water-closets must not be less than one 
and one-quarter inch in diameter and for urinals not less than 
three-quarters inch in diameter. 

Where a hot water supply system is installed the distance 
between the hot and cold water risers should be not less than six 
inches. Where it is impossible to place them six inches or more 
apart, the hot water riser should be covered with an approved 
insulating material and a method of circulation provided that 
will insure a prompt delivery of hot water at the faucet when re- 
quired. 

All risers and branches should be properly fastened. 

When the water pressure is not sufficient to supply freely 
and continuously all fixtures, a house supply tank should be 
provided of sufficient size to afford an ample supply of water to 
all fixtures at all times. Such tanks must be supplied from the 
pressure or by power pumps as may be necessary, when from the 
pressure, ball cocks must be provided. 

House supply tanks must be metal-covered to exclude dust 
and so located as to prevent water contamination by gas and 
odors from plumbing fixtures. 

House supply tanks must be of wood or iron, or of wood lined 
with tinned and planished copper, or lead. 

House tanks should be adequately supported on iron or wood 
beams. 

The overflow pipe should discharge over an open and water- 
supplied sink. In no case shall the overflow be directly connected 
with any part of the plumbing system. 



[69] 



TABLE SHOWING THE RELATIVE DISCHARGING CAPACITIES OF NEW SMOOTH 
PIPES. 





w 


I" 


X" 


1" 


\X" 


IX" 


2" 


2^" 


3" 


4" 


6" 


8" 


10" 


H" 


1 


























%" 


1.7 


1 
























Z A" 


2.9 


1.7 


I 






















1" 


6.2 


3.5 


2.1 


1 




















IX" 


10.9 


6.2 


3.7 


1.8 


1 


















1H" 


17.4 


10.0 


6.0 


2.8 


1.6 


1 
















2" 


37.8 


21.7 


13.0 


6.1 


3.5 


2.1 


1 














w 


65.5 


37.5 


23.1 


10.7 


6.1 


3.8 


1.8 


1 












3" 


110.5 


63.2 


38.0 


17.9 


10.1 


6.3 


2.9 


1.6 


1 










4" 


189.0 


108.3 


65.0 


30.6 


17.3 


10.8 


5.0 


2.8 


1.7 


1 








6" 


527 


302 


186 


87 


49 


30.5 


14.2 


8 


4.8 


2.8 


1 






8" 




650 


418 


195.5 


108.6 


67.2 


31.6 


17.9 


11.2 


6.0 


2.1 


1 




10" 
















31.9 


19.7 


10.6 


3.7 


1.8 


1 



EXPLANATION OF TABLE OF RELATIVE PIPE 
DIAMETERS 

The figures in the body of the above table give the number 
of pipes of a given diameter that are equal to one pipe of a larger 
diameter. 

This table is based on conditions similar to those at a residence 
or other small building. For power plant or other similar condi- 
tions the table is only approximate. 

Example: How many \ inch pipes are equal to one \ inch 
pipe? 

Under column marked \ inch at top of table follow down 
column to figures opposite f inch and read 2.9; that is to say, 
a f inch pipe has a carrying capacity equal to about three \ 
inch pipes. 

Example: What diameter of pipe will be required to supply 
three \ inch pipes, one f inch and one f inch pipe? 



[70 1 



Solution: Reduce all of the pipes to equivalent of \ inch pipes. 
Three \ inch pipes — 3.0 



One | inch pipes — 1.7 
One f inch pipes — 2.9 



The combination =7.6 \ inch pipes. 

From the table we see that a one inch pipe equals 6.2 one- 
half inch pipes and a one and one-fourth inch pipe equals 10.9 
one-half inch pipes. As we require the equivalent of 7.6 one-half 
inch pipes, it would be necessary to use a one and one-fourth inch 
pipe to supply the above combination. 



[71] 



DON'TS TO PLUMBERS 



Don't make a flat bend. 
Don't say the plugs won't hold. 
Don't cover work before inspected. 
Don't forget to drift kinked pipes. 
Don't install inefficient clean-outs. 
Don't try to repair a cracked fitting. 
Don't omit clean-outs where required by Code. 
Don't look for gas leaks with an open flame. 
Don't place vent tees lower than the fixtures. 
Don't construct work of under-weight materials. 
Don't call for inspection until the work is ready. 
Don't use a "stop and waste" on a hot water pipe. 
Don't give pipes less pitch than the Code requires. 
Don't fail to comply with the requirements of this Code. 
Don't forget to ream out burrs from wrought iron pipes. 
Don't forget to make the overflow on the bath tub tight. 
Don't trim your wiped joints with a knife or cold chisel. 
Don't give wrong house number when calling for inspection. 
Don't forget to put in all water pipes so they will drain. 
Don't fail to put up grounds for pipe and fixture supports. 
Don't try to calk a joint with a round-edged calking iron. 
Don't let the marks of the bending spring show on the bend. 
Don't let your solder run through to the inside of the pipe. 
Don't let the pipe protrude on the inside of a branch joint. 
Don't use prohibitive fittings in drain, soil and waste pipes. 
Don't put more fixtures on a line of pipe than the Code allows. 
Don't forget that your license expires on the 31st of December. 
Don't run vent lines less than four inches in diameter through 

roof. 
Don't fail to support properly lead work piping for its full 

length. 
Don't refuse to show your plumber's license when such request is 

made. 

[72] 



Don't be indifferent about alignment in vertical and horizontal 

piping. 
Don't wait until after the inspector arrives to fill pipes for testing. 
Don't refuse to comply with local ordinances consistent with this 

Code. 
Don't construct vent pipes in such manner that they may serve 

as waste pipes. 
Don't depend on the supply and waste pipe to hold up a sink or 

wash basin. 
Don't forget that traps must be set true with respect to their 

water level. 
Don't think the inspector will ignore the Code because you may 

have done so. 
Don't construct joints of material or workmanship not permitted 

by this Code. 
Don't fail to put substantial supports where needed on drain, 

soil and vent pipes. 
Don't be indifferent about the setting of closet bowls or similar 

fixtures. 
Don't forget to clean up your work and the premises when your 

job is completed. 
Don't forget when you have completed your work to inspect it 

yourself and thus avoid trouble. 
Don't install a drainage system in such manner that it will con- 
taminate drinking water supply, 
Don't forget when repairing that a deep seal trap may be used if 

ventilation is impracticable. 
Don't accept material for stock or job unless it conforms with the 

requirements of State Code or local ordinance. 
Don't terminate soil, waste, vent and conductor pipes below 

windows, except when provided for in the Code. 
Don't fail when giving estimates for plumbing to your customers 

to acquaint them with defects that may exist in the old 

plumbing and drainage on the premises, for in so doing you 

may save yourself as well as your customer much future 

trouble. 



;73i 



SUGGESTIONS TO THE PUBLIC 



If you contemplate the installation of new plumbing and 
drainage or the remodeling or renovating of an old plumbing 
system, you will insure sanitary and reasonably durable plumb- 
ing if you require that the work be done in accordance with the 
provisions of the State Plumbing Code and such additional re- 
quirements as are consistent with this Code. The contract or 
agreement with your plumber should contain such provision. 

When selecting plumbing fixtures for home, office, or factory 
make sure that they are of sanitary design and free from defects. 

The object of ventilation in a system of drainage or plumbing 
is to keep the air within the pipe in circulation and thus remove 
foul air caused by decomposition of solids; to prevent unequal 
air pressure within the system which may force trap seals or 
retard the flow of waste water; to prevent the pernicious effects 
of sewer gas on lead and iron pipes; and to protect the traps 
against syphonage. 

Cast iron soil pipe with durable lead branches, bends, joints 
and connections properly supported and protected will render the 
most satisfactory service for ordinary residences or small build- 
ings. For other buildings tbe plumbing and drainage should be 
designed to meet the construction of the building and the pur- 
pose for which it is to be used. 

Use cast iron pipe for all underground house drains within 
building. It will cost slightly more to install but is safer from a 
sanitation standpoint and less liable to cause trouble by clogging 
due to settling or breakage. 

Stoppage in sewers between the main in street and the building 
are due generally to one or more of the following causes, which in 
most cases are easily preventable: insufficient fall, defective 
joints and connections, changes in direction improperly made, 
inadequate flushing, tree roots, grease and improper usage. 
Stoppages in the drainage system within the building are often 
caused by poorly made joints, improper connections, change of 

[74] 



direction, insufficient flushing, grease, matches, hair pins and 
other indifferent usage. 

When used materials or fixtures are removed they should be 
examined to determine if they can Be of any further use. 

The cheapest method of installing plumbing and sewerage is 
not always the most economical in the end. 

Do not locate privy vaults or cesspools closer to the water 
supply than necessary. Whenever there is danger of polluting 
the drinking water, the privy vault or cesspool should be made of 
water-tight masonry. Do not use old or unused wells as cesspools. 

Well water should always be regarded with suspicion when 
improperly constructed cesspools or outside vaults are per- 
mitted, as there is constant danger that the pollution may reach 
the well 

Do not leave repairs in your plumbing to the so-called "handy 
man"; he may do untold damage in a few moments. 

When ordering plumber for repairs state the nature of the 
work to be done, and thus reduce the cost by forestalling a trip 
back to the shop for the necessary tools or materials. 

In spite of all the safeguards provided by the state and by 
cities, all plumbers do not show the same degree of efficiency in 
workmanship. 

In order to keep "plumbing and drainage" in an efficient 
sanitary condition, it is essential that toilet rooms, bathrooms, 
sinks, traps, floor drains, ice boxes and other appliances includ- 
ing floors and walls receive regular attention. In connection with 
this do not forget the overflow pipes of lavoratories which rapidly 
become filthy. 

Cleaning substances that contain grit or acid in any form 
should not be used on bathtubs, basins, sinks or other similar 
fixtures; they injure and sometimes destroy the glazed finish, 
leaving it subject to absorption and discoloration. 

When the glazed finish of enamel and earthenware plumbing 
fixtures has nqt been injured or destroyed, satisfactory results 
in cleaning can be obtained by the use of a cloth saturated with 
kerosene oil or soap and water. 

The interior of water-closets and urinals, unless frequently 
cleaned, becomes incrusted. This can be remedied by applying 
with a swab a solution of muriatic acid. 

[75] 



To avoid trouble don't use your water-closet, lavoratory and 
sink for garbage. 

Don't put burned matches or other foreign substances in your 
wash bowls, sinks or similar fixtures. 

Don't stop leaks in your plumbing system with putty or other 
inadequate substances. 

If the plumbing in your home is properly installed and given 
reasonable care it will not become insanitary or dangerous to 
health. 

Your house, office or factory should be reasonably free from 
dampness, should have an abundant supply of pure fresh air, 
sunshine, pure water and should be equipped with sanitary 
plumbing. 

A sleeping room is not the proper place for the location of wash 
bowls, unless they are properly installed and kept clean and 
sanitary. 

Sewer air is poisonous and injurious to health. 

Sewer air and stench emanating from terminal endings or 
other defective plumbing are unnecessary and dangerous. 

Leaks in a plumbing system which admit sewer air to your 
living rooms may be discovered by applying the smoke or 
peppermint test. 

Privy vaults, defective drains and the discharge terminals 
of drainage systems assist flies, rats and other vermin in spread- 
ing typhoid fever and other contagious diseases. 

When the use of disinfectants is required, consult your local 
health officer. 



[76 1 



SUGGESTIONS TO LOCAL INSPECTORS 



When in doubt consult the State Plumbing Code. 

Keep your office records so they can be readily understood 
by others who have to consult them. A report to the State Board 
of Health of your year's work will be required in January of each 
year and at such other times as the board may deem it necessary. 
Blanks will be forwarded to you for such report. 

Make it part of your duty to become thoroughly acquainted 
with the provisions of this Code and render your decisions con- 
sistently in accordance therewith. 

Your Local Code, if any, due to local conditions, may have 
additional rules and regulations which must be consistent with 
the State Code. 

The State Board of Health will gladly assist you in determining 
the intent of the State Code. 

The State Board of Health has ruled that its decisions, upon 
due investigations and findings, shall be final. 

Your official acts should always be guided by fairness and good 
judgment and decisions rendered impartially. 

Do not lose sight of the fact that the principal reason for 
plumbing inspection is to require that plumbing be properly 
installed; free from defects, and sanitary. Your duties do not 
end with the plumber; safeguarding the public should always 
be your aim. 

You should at all times be ready to give information and 
assistance so that the provisions of this Code can be adminis- 
tered to the best interest and general welfare of all concerned. 



77] 



APPENDIX 



General Orders on Sanitation for Places of Employment 
Issued by the Industrial Commission of Wisconsin. 

Order 2200 — Toilet Rooms Required. Every place of em- 
ployment must be equipped with adequate toilet rooms which 
must be distinct and separate from the other parts of the build- 
ing and must be so constructed as to insure privacy. 

Where the two sexes are employed, separate toilet rooms 
must be maintained. Toilet rooms for the two sexes, when ad- 
joining, must be separated by a partition made of material 
which is soundproof and which cannot be easily cut or defaced. 
(See chapter 323, sec. 1, Laws of 1903.) 

Order 2204— Construction of Toilet Rooms. In each 
toilet room hereafter installed, the floor must be constructed 
of material other than wood, which does not readily absorb 
moisture and which can be easily cleaned. 

In toilet rooms at present installed, the walls must not be 
covered with paper. If the walls and ceilings are constructed 
of wood, they must be covered with a nonabsorbent paint. 

In each toilet room her after installed, the walls and ceiling 
must be made of smooth cement, plaster, porcelain, glazed 
brick, metal tiling, or other smooth, nonabsorbent material. 

Order 2205 — Location, Light, Ventilation. Each toilet 
room hereafter installed in a place of employment, must be so 
located as to open to outside light and air. The minimum 
amount of window space for a toilet room containing one fixture, 
must be 4 square feet, and for each additional fixture an addi- 
tion of 2 square feet of window space must be made. These 
windows must be so constructed that they can be opened to give 
adequate ventilation to the room. 

Each toilet room hereafter installed must have not less than 
10 square feet of floor space, and not less than 100 cubic feet of 
air space for each fixture installed. 

In each toilet room heretofore installed, and which is so located 
that it is impossible to secure light and air directly from the 
outside, a flue or mechanical ventilating system must be in- 
stalled which will provide adequate ventilation. 

Each toilet room which is not open to adequate outside light 
must be artificially lighted during the hours of employment, 
so that all parts of the room are easily visible. 

[78] 



Each toilet room must be furnished with adequate artificial 
light during the working hours when natural light is not available. 

Within 5 years after the date upon which these orders be- 
come effective, all toilet rooms at present installed, which are 
not open to outside light and air, must be moved and so located 
that they are open to outside light and air. 

Order 2206 — Water-Closets Hereafter Installed. In each 
toilet room hereafter constructed, individual water-closets made 
of porcelain or vitreous chinaware must be installed. These 
closets must be equipped with properly vented traps located 
above the floor, and with an adequate flushing device which 
uses not less than 3 gallons of water for each flush. 

Each water-closet must be set upon a solid base and its con- 
nection to the soil pipe or fitting must be constructed in such 
a manner as to be gas and water-tight. (See section 25 State 
Plumbing Code.) 

Order 2207 — Water-Closets at Present Installed. Each 
water-closet at present installed must be provided with a flush- 
ing appliance, which will be as effective in its operation as the 
type of closet requires. 

Each water-closet must be kept in good repair and obstruc- 
tions must be removed at once. 

Note. Pan, plunger and offset types of water-closets at 
present installed, will be condemned when found in foul con- 
dition, or without adequate flush. Long hopper and range 
closets at present installed will be condemned when the interior 
surface becomes so rusted and corroded that it cannot be made 
sanitary. No such fixture shall be replaced except with the ap- 
proved type specified for new installations. 

Order 2208 — Sewer Systems. Each water-closet, urinal, 
lavatory or slop sink located in a toilet room, must be con- 
nected with a sewer system, where" a sewer system is available. 

There must be a proper connection between the plumbing 
system and the sewer, and such connection must be kept in 
good repair. 

Order 2209 — Seats for Water-Closets. The seat for each 
water-closet hereafter installed must be made of wood or other 
non-heat-absorbing material and finished with varnish or other 
substance which will make it impervious to water. Under no 
circumstances will seats made of enameled ironware, porcelain 
or similar heat absorbing substance be allowed. 

Order 2210 — Number of Water-Closets and Urinals Re- 
quired. Water-closets must be provided in places of employ- 
ment in the following proportion: When the number employed 
is more than 20 of either sex, there shall be provided an addi- 
tional closet for each sex, up to the number of 40, and above that 
number in the same ratio. (See chapter 323, Laws of 1903.) 
Where males are employed, urinals must be provided in the 

[79] 



proportion of 1 to every 40 employed. Where trough urinals 
are used, each 2 feet of trough shall constitute one urinal. 

Order 2211 — Urinals, Construction. Each urinal must 
be made of impervious material and must be properly flushed 
and kept in clean condition. If iron is used in the construction 
of urinals, it must be enameled on the inside of the trough or 
bowl. 

Note. It is recommended that each urinal be placed on a 
platform which is raised not less than 3 inches above the floor, 
and extends not less than 2 feet in front of the urinal. The 
platform should be made impervious to water and the top 
surface should slope toward the urinal. This plan has been found 
to aid materially in keeping the floor of the toilet room clean. 
Sawdust should not be used on the floor to catch the drippings. 

Order 2212 — Partitions for Water-Closets and Urinals. 
Each water-closet or seat of range closet must be separated by 
a partition not less than 5 feet in height. Each individual 
urinal or urinal trough must be provided with a partition at 
each end and at the back, to give privacy. Where individual 
urinals are arranged in batteries, a partition must be placed 
at each end and at the back of the battery. 

In new installations, the partitions between water-closets 
and urinals must be made of material other than wood, which 
does not readily absorb moisture. 

Note. It is recommended that a space of 6 to 12 inches 
be allowed between the floor and the bottom of the partition. 

Order 2213 — Traps for Toilet Room Fixtures. Each 
water-closet, urinal, lavatory, or slop sink hereafter installed 
in a place of employment, must have a trap. This trap must 
be equipped with a vent so constructed that adequate circula- 
tion of air will be secured in the waste pipe; and so constructed 
that no syphonage will be possible, and the vent will not serve 
as a waste pipe in case of obstruction. 

In installations where individual lavatory bowls are arranged 
in a battery, one trap may be used for six bowls. 

Each lavatory and slop sink at present installed, must be 
equipped with a trap properly vented. A mechanical trap may 
be installed where it is impractical to install a vented trap. 

On old installations, each water-closet and urinal must be 
equipped with a trap and where there are two or more water- 
closets or urinals on one sewer connection, the trap must be 
properly vented. 

Order 2214 — New Water-Closets where no sewerage sys- 
tem is available * * * 

For bacterial tanks, settling basins or similar installations, 
see State Plumbing Code. 

Order 2215 — Privies at Present Installed. Privies at 
present in use will be permitted under the following conditions: 

[80] 



(a) The vault must be made tight above the ground so that 
rats and other vermin cannot get into the vault. 

(b) The door must be so constructed that it will remain 
closed. 

(c) An opening must be made in or near the roof to provide 
adequate ventilation, and this opening must be covered with a 
fly proof metal screen. 

(d) When the vault is filled to the level of the ground, it 
must be cleaned out. If a new 'vault is constructed it must be 
made in accordance with the requirements for new installations, 
and the old vault must be properly cleaned, limed and filled 
with fresh earth. 

(e) The privy must be kept clean and sanitary. Lime or 
some equally effective disinfectant must be used in the vault 
in such quantities and at such intervals as to disinfect and 
deodorize the contents. 

Order 2216 — Lavatories — Industries. Where Required. 
In all industries where lead, arsenic, or other poisonous or 
injurious materials are handled by the employes, and in in- 
dustries where food is prepared or manufactured, adequate 
lavatory facilities must be provided. Lavatories must be made 
of porcelain, enameled iron, or other impervious material. 

Order 2218 — Drinking Water. Each place of employment 
must be supplied with sufficient pure drinking water, and the 
faucets or outlets for same must be placed convenient to the 
employes. Common drinking cups are prohibited. Individual 
cups must be used, or sanitary drinking fountains must be 
installed. 

Order 436 — Elevator Pits Kept Clean. Elevator machines 
or other machinery shall not be located in the pit; only sheaves 
necessary for the operation of the elevator shall be located in 
the shaftway or pit under the car. Elevator shaftways or pits 
shall not be used for the storage of any material or the running 
of any rope, wire or pipe, except such as is needed for the opera- 
tion of the elevator. Branch pipes with sprinkler heads will 
be allowed in the shaftway. Elevator hatchways shall not be 
used as passageways. 



[8i; 



SANITARY PROVISIONS FOR ALL BUILD- 
INGS OTHER THAN PLACES OF EMPLOY- 
MENT AND PRIVATE DWELLINGS 



STATE BUILDING CODE, INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION, 
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. 

Order 5205. Separate Toilet Rooms Required. In every 
building accommodating persons of both sexes (except apart- 
ment houses), separate toilet rooms shall be provided. Toilet 
rooms for the two sexes, when adjoining, shall be separated 
by a sound proof partition of material which cannot be easily 
cut or defaced. Each toilet room shall be distinctly marked 
with respect to the sex which uses it and no person shall be 
allowed to use a toilet room assigned to the opposite sex. 

Order 5206. Toilet Rooms: Construction, The floor and 
base of every toilet room (except in a private apartment) shall 
be constructed of material (other than wood) which does not 
readily absorb moisture and which can be easily cleaned. The 
walls and ceiling shall be completely covered with smooth 
Portland cement or gypsum plaster, glazed brick, metal, or other 
smooth, nonabsorbent material. Each toilet room shall be com- 
pletely enclosed. 

Exception. The provisions of the two preceding orders are 
recommended, but not required, for rooming or lodging houses 
which accommodate less than 12 persons not members of the 
family. 

Note. In toilet rooms of private apartments it is recom- 
mended that at least a portion of the floor, under and around the 
closet, be constructed as above specified. 

Order 5207. Toilet Rooms: Location, Light, Ventila- 
tion. Every toilet or bathroom shall be lighted by a window or 
windows opening directly upon a street, alley, court, or vent 
shaft. Every such court or vent shaft shall have an area of at 
least one square foot for each water-closet or urinal which it 
ventilates, but the least dimension of any such vent shaft shall 
not be less than 3 feet; except that for a single closet used by not 
more than four persons, a vent flue may be used at least one 
square; foot in area. 

No toilet room shall have movable windows or ventilators 
opening on any court which contains windows of sleeping or 
living rooms above; except that a toilet room containing not 
more than two closets may have such movable windows or 

[82] 



ventilators, provided such room has a ventilating flue or pipe 
running above the roof. 

The window space for a toilet room containing one closet 
shall be at least 4 square feet, with 2 square feet additional for 
each additional closet. These windows shall be so constructed 
that they can be opened to give adequate ventilation to the room. 

If outside windows are impracticable, the facts may be laid 
before the Industrial commission. 

Every toilet room shall have at least 10 square feet of floor 
area, and at least 100 cubic feet of air space, for each water- 
closet and each urinal. 

Every toilet room (except in a private apartment) shall be 
artificially lighted during the entire period that the building 
is occupied, wherever and whenever adequate natural light is not 
available, so that all parts of the room are easily visible. 

Order 5208. Water-Closets and Urinals. Individual water- 
closets made of porcelain or vitreous chinaware shall be used. 
Every closet shall be equipped with a trap located above the 
floor and with adequate flushing device which uses not less than 
3 gallons of water for each flush. The trap shall be properly 
ventilated. The seat of each water-closet shall be made of wood 
or other non-heat-absorbing material and shall be finished with 
varnish or other substance which will make it impervious to 
water. Every closet shall hold a sufficient quantity of water and 
be of such shape and form that no fecal matter will collect on 
the surface of the bowl. 

Each urinal shall be made of impervious material and shall 
be properly flushed and kept in clean condition. If iron is used 
in the construction of a urinal, it shall have fired enamel on the 
inside of the trough or bowl. 

Order 5209. Protection from Frost. All water-closets and 
urinals and the pipes connecting therewith shall be properly 
protected against frost, either by a suitable insulating covering, 
or by providing and operating a suitable heating apparatus, or 
in some other approved manner; so that water-closets and urinals 
will be in proper condition for use at all times. 

Order 5210. Partitions for Water-Closets and Urinals. 
Each water-closet shall be separated by a partition not less 
than 5 feet in height. Each individual urinal or urinal trough 
shall be provided with a partition at each end and at the back, 
to give privacy. Where individual urinals are arranged in bat- 
teries, a partition shall be placed at each end and at the back of 
the battery. A space of 6 to 12 inches shall be left between 
the floor and the bottom of the partition. 

Note. It is recommended that the partitions between water- 
closets and urinals be made of material (other than wood) 
which does not readily absorb moisture. 

Order 5211. Water-Closets Where no Sewerage System is 
Available. Each water-closet, urinal, lavatory or slop sink 

[83] 



located in a toilet room, shall be connected with a sewer system, 
where a sewer system is available. In localities where a sewer 
system is not available, or cannot be made available, the dis- 
posal of human waste may be accomplished in one of the follow- 
ing three ways : 

1. Bacterial or septic tank. 

2. Double-compartment disposal plant. 

Note. For detailed requirements on septic tanks and sew- 
age disposal plants, see State Plumbing Code. 

THEATRES AND ASSEMBLY HALLS 

Order 5532. Separate toilet rooms in connection with the 
auditorium shall be provided for males and females. One closet 
shall be installed for each 200 females or fraction, and one closet 
and one urinal for each 300 males or fraction, assuming the audi- 
ence to be equally divided between males and females. 

Water-closets in connection with the stage shall be provided 
in every theater which accommodates more than 500 persons, 
except theatres used for motion picture performances only. 
There shall be separate closets for males and females. 

Separate drinking fountains shall be provided for the stage 
and auditorium, wherever water supply is available. 

One washbowl shall be provided for every two closets or 
urinals, or fraction. 

See also orders 5205-5211. 



SCHOOL BUILDINGS, LIBRARIES, AND MUSEUMS. 

School buildings shall have the following sanitary equipment: 

One water-closet for every 20 females or fraction, except 
for grammar and primary grades, where there shall be one 
water-closet for every 15 females or fraction. 

One water-closet and one urinal for every 40 males or fraction, 
except for grammar and primary grades, where there shall be 
one water-closet and one urinal for every 30 males or fraction. 

Toilet accommodations for males and females shall be placed 
in separate rooms with doors not less than 20 feet apart. 

A drinking fountain and sink shall be installed in each story 
and basement, for each 6,000 square feet of floor area, or fraction. 

A proper number of washbowls shall be provided. 

Note. Ordinarily there should be at least one washbowl for 
every two closets or urinals. Washbowls should be placed either 
in the toilet room or immediately outside. 

Where privy vaults are permitted, the building containing 
the same shall be placed at least 20 feet from any other occupied 
building. 

[84] 



APARTMENT HOUSES, HOTELS, LODGING HOUSES, 
CLUBHOUSES, DORMITORIES, HOSPITALS, 
JAILS, ETC. 

Every apartment shall have a water-closet in a bathroom 
or separate compartment; except that where there are apart- 
ments consisting of but one or two rooms, there shall be at least 
one water-closet for every two such apartments. 

All other buildings of this classification have at least one water- 
closet for every 15 rooms or fraction thereof. 

Note. Rooms with private water-closets shall not be con- 
sidered in counting either the number of rooms or the number 
of water-closets. 

Water-closets and urinals and pipes connecting therewith shall 
be protected against frost as provided in order 5209. In every 
apartment house where any such closet or urinal is not located 
within a private apartment, such protection shall be furnished 
by the owner. 

Order 5723. In every building of this classification where city 
water supply is available or can be made available, there shall 
be at least one proper sink or washbowl with running water. 
In apartment houses there shall be such a sink or washbowl in 
each apartment. 



[85] 



SKETCHES 



The charts and sketches illustrating methods of plumb- 
ing construction and drainage installations have been 
adopted by the State Board of Health as an integral part 
of the State Plumbing Code. 



LIST OF SKETCHES ARRANGED IN 
NUMERICAL ORDER 



Sketch Page 

No. No. 

Typical Fittings 89 

Typical Traps 90 

Typical Traps and Fittings 91 

Typical Closet and Similar Bends 1A 92 

Closet and similar Fixture Bends 1 93 

Main House Trap, change in direction and joints.. 2 94 

Typical method of installing plumbing 3 95 

Floor and Subsoil Drains 4 and 4a 96 

Brewery and similar Floor Drains 5 97 

Brewery and similar Floor Drains 5a 98 

A Method of installing Piping for Urinals 6 99 

A Method of determining Radius 7 100 

Drainage Installation and Connections 8 101 

Vent, Requirements, Connections and Roof Ex- 
tensions 9 102 

Traps, Distance from Vent 9a 103 

Vent, Distance from Trap 9b 104 

Vent, Distance from Trap 9c 104 

Method of installing a 3-inch Soil Stack 10 105 

Soil Pipe Branch extended 30 feet 11 106 

Methods of Back Vent Traps 12 107 

Trap, Joints and Connections 12a 108 

Loop or Drained Vent 13 109 

[87] 



Sketch Page 

No. No. 

Circuit or Continuous Venting 14 110 

Continuous Vent 14a 111 

Circuit and Unit Venting 15 and 15a 112 

Circuit and Unit Venting 15b 113 

Refrigerator Waste Installation 16 114 

Bubbler Waste Installation 17 115 

Dental Cuspidor Installation 18 116 

Sink Waste and Grease Basin 19a 117 

Garage Catch Basin Installation 20 118 

Outdoor Closet 21 119 

Garbage Can Receivers 22 120 

Dry Well or Leaching Basin 23a 121 

Dry Well with Percolating Filter 23b 122 

Syphon Chamber and Drain Tile 23c 123 

A Sewage Treatment Tank 24a 124 

A Sewage Treatment and Disposal Plant 24b 125 

Imhoff Sewage Treatment Tank 24c 126 

Soil, Waste, Vent and Roof Terminal 25 127 

Drainage Piping for small building 26 128 

Water Supply and Drainage Installation for Rural 

Residence 26a 129 

Water Supply and Drainage Installation for Rural 

Residence 26b 130 

Drainage Piping and Roof Extension 27 131 

Bar Waste Installation 28 132 

Dug and Drilled Wells 29 133 

Dug and Drilled Wells 29a 134 

Information Sketch 30 135 




Typical F/ff/ngs 



REFRIGERATOR Dh 




7~yj?ica/ Tra/?s 




Typica/ C/osef atid Si mi liar Fixture Bends 
3 ketch Ato.ta } Sect/ or? M £&,87 



[92] 




Iron Beno" 



/Jerboa's of mak/ng earthenware to 
me fa/ f/oor connect/on 




fron Bend [ \ (( 5^/ tfipe 





sSo/der 
^Sc revs thread i r Jet if 



"Ca/frJomt 

Brass ferro/e 



Brass 
LoorfJate 

l Anchor/na 
Screw 




Screw JoinT^=-W//?eaJo/r?t 



C/osef ar?d S/m/f/ar F/xture Sena's 
Sketch No /, Secf/or? No. S5.27 



[93 1 



Cement tforfyn 




Sanhed £ Trowiei 



D 



//ettrod ' of making V/t. Clay Pipe Joints 

Cfeax-ouf 




CT" 



Iron 



\<.-—£ , -o--4 

Manner of ffa/n House Trap Ins fa/ /at/on 




Wement 
Joint p \ Chanae of d/rect/on of /7onzontat vitrified 

Long-raat us trend with foot- day pipe 

restorp/er Sfrefch/VoZ t Sect/on /Vo. £ \2*,23. £& 



[94] 




{ r/oor Oram 



/ieffrod of Connecf/ng Brewery 

and 
&//7?///0r f~/oor Ura/ns 

Sketch No 5 , Sect /on No. 4/ 



[97] 




* 


* 


1 


1 


<0 


§ 


> 


* 


^ 


u 


CJ 


*> 


b 


^ 


1 




* 


* 


^ 


J& 




< 


* 


^T 


$ 


^ 


fe 


*S 


* 


^ 


8 


<0 


*SJ 




V 




Q 




> 




ia 




^ 




V 




§ 





\v uS>/*2S-qj\ 




Showing amernoa of InstatS/ny /?'?"?<? 0*70 
C/ean- cot Ptugs for L/r/nats 
Sketch Ato 6 ? Sect/on No 6, PB 



[99] 



*&>- 




Minimum r#d/u& for ctoset or s/m/t/ar 
fixture connect/ or? bends as provided 
for in Sect /on No. BS 




ff/nimurr? rod/ us for /ony sweep bend 
with foot rest or supported w/fh i?r/cA 
p/er as prov/ded for /n Secf/0/7 Ato M 

Method of defer/?7//7/r7f fhe rat//t/<s of Bends 
/r? co/?r?ecf/or7 w/f/7 f/?arf C Secf/on /4, /6- 
* S/refc/7 No 7 



:iooi 




LLOU 




Method of Insta/faf/on anaf Sac A- venf/np for 
C/osefs c?s provided for /n fecf/on No.6j £,24. 
S Ketch A/o.3 

[102] 




Sketch / //us /~raf/ng pro v/s/ons 
ofSec/zcn 8 b 

Sketch No. 9a 

[103] 



S/re/ch No. 9i7Jllustratm<? { 
the f?rov/s/o/7£ of Sec &c. 




Char/" show/r/g max/ mum 
rfeve/ojaet/ af/sfa/7ce fro/77 
tro/hf of ve/7/ Grade (/?//ch) 
not more /ha/7 ^ " jaer foe/. 



L^> 



<S/^^ Wax. fofaA/flzxdeye/ 
>r /£*//?£> &raa<2 o&ea 0/sr. 



/^ UR 



~ 7W 



7M. /i 



.M 



2 






/& 



j&- 




iShe/ch? No 9 c. I// us /rating If 
arov/s/or/s of Sec 3e 



[104] 




/Het/roet of Installing C/osefs 

as vrov/Jed for /n Sec 7 Von tVo 29, Chart A 
Skefc/7 No /0 



:i05] 



Thru roof* 




Method of Ir7sfa//af/o/l as provide*/ 
for />7 Sect/ or? No. 7 
Sketch No. II 

[106] 




MK 



^ 





i — r 








£f7cw/r?$ Meffrocts of 0ac/r-ver?t'/7g Tra/ys 

Skefch M> /* Secf/cns /Vo 8 t £3 d ftd 8 



[107] 




Method of Conrj ecf/ng 
04fh t Showers, and*5/J79///*r f/xfi/r&s 



GroundjScrevy, r-g 



f . Screw, orSo/cfer 



k^ r — - —? Ground, Scr 

\^__ ground, Screw, 6askef, 
6round,Scre& ™ J or So/der 



Ca/kedor Wr 




/&rm/ss/£/e Tra/? Jb/nfs and Connections 

SAefch No /2* , Sect/on No.0,23 




Afefhoof of f/7d?fG///r?j Loof Vent 
Sketch No & , Sec f/ o/? No 3 



[109] 




Method of C/rcu/'t or Cont/nuous Vetif/ng 
5kefch No/4, Section No. 9 



[1103 






QQQE 




1 



IU 



affflj ; iffl^j 




Waste and Continuous Vent Connections for a 
ffaffery of Fixtures ^ecf/on -Afo.9 
S/refchNo. /4a 



mi: 



So, 

£x t endear //>ro 
/Poof 




fief tied of C/rcu/f wa Unit Vent/rig 



Sketch NoJSj Sec f /or? No.9 



Sect/on Ab. fO 
Sketch No 15a 



: 112 1 




C/rcu/f 4r?rf Ur?/f Venf 

a id 

Sketch No &A Sectton A/o /O 



U13] 




[114] 




Three Afrfhods of for?necf/n$ Bubb/er Wastes 
ffiefc/? No/7 f Sectton No47 



115 I 



4H31 



juS 




P^/^ //oc? JO &J.&&M 



jlA 



1 


1 

5* 


1 

^ 


1 


s ^5 


V 




■1 


s> 


1 


1 


^ 




^ 


■^ 


X 


* 


ft 


V 


K 

£ 


% 


^ 





TF^ 



' Lb — y 



[,116*] 




Method of Co/7r7ecf//7$ S//7/r waste fo 6rec?se Cafcht>4S//7 
Sketch A/o /3a Secf/or? Mo 34 

[117] 




118] 




vrrfi^m 



Se/fC/oS//70 
'oover C<fc/c 
a/70 Waste 



^ Check a^a Waste 
Sfeffrod of frt#fa///f7# Oof door Frostproof C/osef 
SAefc/7 /Vo 2/ Sect/ or? No 5/ 

[119] 




:-> ■- : . '- "-■■ ; : - : - -._-,■-. ... : '". ■•■■ : 



% 
t 

^ 

^ 
3 

^ 



I'll ju tX-i^^v 



( 




El 

HI? 










;i20] 







B/evaf/on of /Pry 
We// $ Leach /K&Ba^/r? 



few 



^o 




1^ 



/%7/7 of/7ryWe/l 
g Leac/7/nc? Bas/n 

Sketch NaZ3* 



[121] 







■» 



IS 









*££ 






po^Mg m 



12= ^-giS 



% 






Q^-fc 



k £ <* 






&tev#f/0/1 of/7ryWe// 

Sketch No 23b 



V 



:i22i 



p?j/nfoj sue? i j XatfJ -t^W 143ns si 
^/ros-ja j3fC>oje>Li3\_\aj9ijMsu/tu/Mff>ff ~~] 




[123 1 



. 2 "Vent 




Secf/orrc?/ fi/evaf/orts of Tank 




f^/a/7 of 72? /7k 



Sketch sfrcw/ng con- 
struct/or? of a sewage 
treatment tank /n con- 
2 nect/on w//h /each/rig 
6as/r?, dry we// or a/ra/n 
t/te, as prov/ded for /n 
SecSy For tf/sposat 
of eff/oentsee prow- 
s/or7& of Sec ^<3 



Sketch No.£4-a 



[124] 







125] 




Sketch showing the 
construction of Imhoff 
sewage d/sposat tank. 



Sketch No. 24c 



\ 126 ] 




A/efhoc/ of C0f7necf//7a Ver?f a/7*/ /o/n/ny of 
So/f <?r7c/ Wa&fe f*/f?e SfocA-s 
SAefc/? M> ?S, ySecf/on No d 



:i27] 



r^tee^ 



Properly Extended 




4-"Oee / 



_ V0G 
£7/^posa/ Sysfe*?? 

Sketch No. £6 



IORj 




129] 




Sketch /Vo.27 




fflMMWHiMM 



[133] 




A?w po//ut/on may occur~~ 

Strefchtf> £9 a St?ct/or? /Vo S6 



Protected We/I 



[134] 



&&jno3 u&^M^h\ ■• 




1 




* * 

$ 

* 


^ * <> ^ \i 



INDEX 



A 

Page 

Acid Tanks, Waste pipe for 44 

Alignment, Definition of 20 

Application for License 13 

Area and Court Drains 48 

Attorney-General's Rulings 15-17 

B 

Back-flow, Definition of * 19 

Back-flow Valves 38 

Back-flow Valves, When required 47 

Backgrounds 28 

Back Vents, Definition of 18 

Back Vents, Not required 26, 28 

Bar Wastes : 48 

Bathtubs 51 

Bathtubs, Size of pipe Chart A 24 

Branch Soil and Waste Extensions 26 

Brass Ferrules 35 

Brass Pipe Fittings, Tubing and Casting 34, 35 

Bubbler Waste 49 

Building Code, State 78-85 

Buildings, Classification of 21 

Building, Private; Definition of 20 

Building, Public; Definition of 22 



Calculations, Rules and Tables 65-71 

Capacity for Flushing 64 

Cast Iron Pipe, Coating of 30 

Cast Iron Pipe, Quality and Weight of 29 

Catch Basins 45 

Catch Basins, Cleaning of 46, 64 

[137 1 



Page 

Catch Basins, Sumps and Ejectors 45 

Cesspools 19, 60 

Chemical Closets 60 

Circuit Vent, Definition of 18 

Circuit Vent, Installation 27 

Cistern Overflow 49 

Clean-outs 36,37,38 

Closets Chart A 24 

Closets, Frost-proof 50 

Code, When adopted 4 

Conductors for Rain Water 42 

Connections and Joints 40 

Conductors, Definition of 19 

Crown Vent Prohibited 26 

Cuspidors, Dental ' 49 

D 

Dead Ends 64 

Dead Ends, Definition of 19 

Defective Work 52 

Defects in Materials 63 

Dental Cuspidors 49 

Don'ts to Plumbers 72, 73 

Drain and Sewer for Each Building 23 

Drain and Sewer, Subsoil 23 

Drain and Sewer, Tile Receiver 47 

Drain and Sewer for more than one building on a lot 23 

Drain Pipe, Changes in direction of 28 

Drain Pipe, Excavations for 23 

Drain Pipe, Grade of 28 

Drains 18 

Drains, Area and Court 48 

Drains for Storage Room and Similar Places 48 

Drains, Ice house and Refrigerator Rooms 48 

Drains, Material used for 23 

Drains, Old; Use of 52 

Drains, Rain Water to Curb 42 

Drains, Subsoil ^ 19, 23 

Drains, Trenches for 23 

Drains, Underground 23 

Drains and Sewers 23 

Drainage Fittings 32 

Drainage Fittings, Radius of 32 

Drainage Installations 64 

Drinking Water for Places of Employment 81 

Drinking Water Systems and Installations 64 

Dry Closets 60 

Dry Wells 53, 60 

[138] 



E 

• Page 

Ejectors, When required 45, 46 

Elevator Connections 48 

Elevator Pits 81 

Examinations, Rules Governing 11-14 



F 

Ferrules, Brass 35 

Fittings of Brass 34, 35 

Fittings, When Prohibited 33 

Fixture Connection, Contamination from 64 

Fixtures 50, 51, 65 

Fixtures of Improper Design 63 

Fixtures, Number Permitted on Pipe Line Chart A 24 

Fixtures, Number and Size of Chart A 24 

Fixtures, Parted by a Wall 27 

Fixtures, Public Buildings 78-85 

Fixtures, Replaced 52 

Floor Connections (earthenware with metal) 41 

Floor Drains 47, 48, 49 

Floor Drains and Fixture Wastes 47 

Flush Tanks 51 

Flushing Capacity 64 

Flushometer Valves 51 

Fresh Air Inlets 38 

Frost, Protection from 25 



Grade of Horizontal Pipes 28 

Grease Catch Basins 45 



H 

Hangers and Supports..., 28 

Hot Water and Steam Wastes... 43 

House Drain, Definition of 18 



Ice Box Wastes 48 

Increasers for Pipes 28 

[139] 



Page 

Inspectors, Local and State 11, 12, 21 

Inspectors, Suggestions to Local 77 

Inspection of Underground Drains 23 

Inspection and Tests 61, 62 

Installations for Drainage 64 

Installations, Insanitary 64 



Joints and Connections 40, 41 

Joints, Kinds prohibited 33 

Joints, Wiping of 19 

L 

Laundry, Separate Wastes for 47 

Laundry, Tubs 51 

Law, Plumbing 5 

Lead Pipe, Bends and Traps, Weight of 33, 34 

Leaders for Rain Water 42 

Leaders for Rain Water, Definition of 19 

Licenses 11 



M 

Main House Trap 38 

Material, Defective 63 

Material for Drains 23 

Material, Quality and Weight of 29 

Material, Re-use of 52 

Material; Soil, Waste and Vent Pipes for 25 



O 

Opinions of Attorney-General 15, 17 

Ordinances, Local 11 

Outhouses 59 

Overflow, Connections 38 

Overflow, Cistern 49 

Overflow, Pipes 49 



P 

Party Walls 27 

Penalty for Non-licensing 9 

[140] 



Page 

Penalty for Violation of Code 9 

Pipe, Size Required Chart A 24 

Pipe, Soil : 18 

Pipes, Grade of Horizontal 28 

Pipes, Increase of Size 28 

Pipes, Size of Reduced 28 

Plumbing Law 5-10 

Plumbing, Sanitary 20 

Plumbing Terms 18 

Private Building, Definition of 22 

Private Dwelling 20 

Private Sewer, Definition of 19 

Private Water Supplies 53 

Privy Vaults 59, 60 

Privy Vaults for Places of Employment 78-85 

Prohibited Fittings and Connections 33 

Public Building, Definition of 22 

Public, Suggestions to 74-76 

Public Water Supply 53 

Pump for Wells 53 

R 

Rain Water Conductors or Leaders 42 

Rain Water Leader Traps 37 

Rain Water and Surface Connections 42 

Re-arranging of Vents and Re-vents 26 

Refrigerators Chart A 24 

Refrigerator Wastes 48 

Repairs and Reconstruction 52 

Roof Extensions of Soil and Waste Pipes 25 

Roof Flashings 41 

Roof Joints 41 

Roof Terminals 42 

Roughing In, Definition of 19 

Rules, Tables and Calculations 65-71 

Rulings of Attorney-General 15, 17 

Rural Residence, Definition of 19 

Rural Residence, Soil Stack for 43 



Sanitation, 64 

Sanitary Plumbing 20 

Screw Thread Fittings 31 

Screw Thread Fittings, Radius of 32 

[141] 



Page 

Septic and Biological Tanks 19, 54, 60 

Septic and Biological Tanks, Definition of 19 

Setting of Traps 37 

Sewage Disposal Tank 19, 53 

Sewer Pipe, Changes in Direction of 28 

Sewers and Drains 18, 23 

Sewers and Drains, Definition of 18 

Sewers, Private 19, 53 

Sewer, Sanitary 19 

Sinks 51 

Sketches 87-135 

Slip Joints, Where Prohibited 41 

Soil Pipe 18 

Soil Pipe, Changes in Direction 28 

Soil Pipe, Decreases of four-inch 25 

Soil Pipe, Fittings (cast iron) Radius of 30 

Soil Pipe, Grade of 28 

Soil Pipe, Material for 25 

Soil Pipe, Protection from Frost :. 25 

Soil Pipe, Quality and Weight of 29 

Soil Pipe, Roof Extension of 25 

Soil and Waste Pipes, Sizes of Chart A 24 

Soil Stack, Three Inch 43 

Soil Stack, Roof Terminals 43 

Soil Stack for Rural Residence 43 

Soldering Nipples, Quality and Weight of 34 

Stable Catch Basins 45, 46 

Stack, Decrease of four inch 25 

Stack Supports 28 

State Building Code Appendix 78-85 

State Inspection 4, 11, 12, 21 

State Inspector 2, 4 

Steam Wastes and Hot Water Connections 43 

Subsoil Drains 19, 23 

Subsoil Drains, Definition of 23 

Subsoil Receiver 47 

Suggestions to Local Inspectors 77 

Suggestions to the Public 74-76 

Sumps and "Receiving Tanks 45, 46 

Supply Pipe, Protection from Frost 25 

Supports and Hangers 28 

Surface and Rain Water Connections 42 

Syphon and Drainage Tile 57 

Syphonage (trap) Protection against 64 



[142] 






T 

Page 

Tables, Rules and Calculations 65-71 

Terminals, Definition of 20 

Terms, Definition of 18 

Tests and Inspections 61-63 

Toilet Rooms, Construction of 22 

Toilet Rooms for Private Buildings 51 

Toilet Rooms for Public Buildings 22, 78-85 

Trapp 18, 36 

Trap, Definition of 18 

Trap, Clean-outs 37 

Trap, Connections, When Prohibited 37 

Trap, Deep Seal Resealing 26 

Trap, Depth of Seal for 36, 37 

Trap, Depth of Seal for, Definition of 18 

Trap, Distance from Vent 26 

Trap, Main House 38 

Trap on Rain Water Leaders 37 

Trap, Setting. 37 

Trap, Syphonage; Protection against 64 

Trap, Sizes Chart A 24 

Trap, Weight -of 34 

Trap, Where Prohibited 37 

Trenches for Pipes 23 

Tubing, Quality and Weight of 34 

U 

Unit Vent 27 

Unit Vent, Definition of 18 

Urinals 50 

Urinals Long Trough, etc Chart A 24 

Urinals Small Single (Size of pipe required) Chart A 24 

V 

Vent, Definition of 18 

Vent, Circuit; Definition of 18 

Vent, Circuit or Continuous 27 

Vent, Distance from Trap 26 

Vent, Drops or Sags Prohibited 26 

Vent from Crown of Trap Prohibited 26 

Vent, Grades and Connections 27, 28 

Vent, Length Permitted Chart A 24 

Vent, Material for 25 

Vent, Not required 26, 28 

Vent, Reconnected 26 

[ 143 ] 



Page 

Vent, Roof Extensions of 25 

Vent, Size of Chart A 24 

Vent, Unit 27 

Vent, Unit; Definition of 18 

Vent Stack, In Garages and Barns 25 

Vent Stack, Minimum Size 25 

Vitrified Clay Pipe, Where Used 23 

Vitrified and Iron Pipe, Joints in 40 

Vitrified Pipe, Quality of 29 



W 

Wash Basins 50 

Wash Basins, Size of Pipe Required for Chart A 24 

Waste for Bubblers or Drinking Fountains 49 

Waste for Ice Box 48 

Waste for Laundries and Similar Establishments 47 

Waste Pipe 18, 24 

Waste Pipe, Changes in Direction of 28 

Waste Pipe, Definition of 18 

Waste Pipe, For Acid Tanks 44 

Waste Pipe, Grade of 28 

Waste Pipe, Material for 25 

Waste Pipe, Protection from Frost 25 

Waste Pipe, Roof Extensions of 25 

Waste Pipe, Sizes of Chart A 24 

Water and Air-tight Joints 41 

Water-Closet Fixtures 50 

Water Supply 53-64 

Water Supply, Contamination from Fixture Connection .. 64 

Water Supply, To Fixtures 51 

Water Supply, Private 53 

Water Supply, Protection from Frost 25 

Water Supply, Public 53 

Water, Systems and Installations 64 

Weight of Lead Pipe and Traps 31 

Wiping a Joint 19 

Workmanship 64 

Wrought Iron Pipe Connections 40 

Wrought Iron Pipe, Quality and Weight of 31 



Yard Catch Basins 45 

[144] 






Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process 
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Treatment Date: May 2004 

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